American children’s periodicals, 1851-1860

edited by: William P. Price • James N. Walker

published: Greenville, South Carolina: William P. Price and James N. Walker

description: Temperance focus

relevant information: Apparently never published

relevant quote: When the Companion failed, its subscription list was taken by the publisher of The Cadet of Temperance, which seems to have been a poor decision, as the Cadet’s editor explained in its second issue: “Dear young friends, when we took the Cadet’s Companion from the hands of its original projectors, we did so, thinking that our efforts in your behalf would be appreciated on your part, and that you would exert yourselves to sustain your paper. But the case has been otherwise.” [“To Our Patrons”]

continued by: The Cadet of Temperance (1852)

source of information: notice, etc., below

bibliography:

• We perceive in the Temperance Advocate. Charleston Daily Courier [Charleston, South Carolina] 27 June 1851; p. 2.

• “To Our Patrons.” The Cadet of Temperance. 1 (Feb 1852); p. 31.

cover/masthead: 1858 | 1867

published: New York, New York: Protestant Episcopal Society for the Promotion of Evangelical Knowledge, 1851-after 1867; publisher at 11 Bible House, Astor Place.

• 1853, printed by J. A. Gray, 97 Cliff St.

• 1858, printed by John A. Gray, 16 & 18 Jacot St.

• 1867, publisher at 3 Bible House; printed by John A. Gray & Green

frequency: monthly

description:

• 1853, 1858: 16 pp.; page size untrimmed, 6.5″ h x 4.25″ w. Prices: 1 copy, 25¢/ year; 25 copies, $5/ year; 50 copies, $10/ year

• 1865: 8 pp.

• 1867: 16 pp.; page size, 6″ h x 4″ w. Prices: 1 copy, 50¢/ year; 10 copies, $4/ year; 25 copies, $9/ year; 50 copies, $17/ year

• Religious focus: Protestant Episcopal

source of information: Sept & Dec 1853; June 1858; Feb 1867 issues; AAS catalog; Maxwell

available: AASHistPer, series 4

bibliography:

• Franklin B. Hough. “Newspapers and Other Periodicals Published in New-York in 1855,” in Census of the State of New-York, for 1855. Albany, New York: Charles Van Benthuysen, 1857; pp. 490-491.

• Franklin B. Hough. “Newspapers and Other Periodicals,” in Census of the State of New York, for 1865. Albany, New York: Charles Van Benthuysen & Sons, 1867; pp. 592-593.

• Checklist of Children’s Books, 1837-1876, comp. Barbara Maxwell. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Special Collections, Central Children’s Department, Free Library of Philadelphia, 1975.

edited by: Daniel P. Kidder

published: New York, New York: Lane & Scott, 1851-1853?

• New York, New York: Carlton & Phillips, 1854-?; 1854, publisher at 200 Mulberry St.

• For the Methodist Episcopal Church Sunday School Union

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: 24 pp.; page size, 5.75″ h x 3.75″ w. Price, 2¢/ each; 25¢/ year

• Religious focus: Methodist

relevant quotes:

• Introductory: “This Magazine takes the place of the Sunday-Scholar’s Mirror. … A mirror may shine very brightly, and may reflect accurately the face of him who looks into it, and yet one does not wish to be looking into a mirror all the time. It is important to encourage the young in all their attempts to do good, and to conquer evil; but it is equally important to admonish them of the numerous dangers which [p. 6] beset their path, of the great necessity of redeeming time, and of giving their hearts to the Lord. This latter will be the office and aim of the Monitor. It will present its reader with grave truth in a pleasing garb, and will endeavor to merit both the confidence and the respect of all who seek instruction and profit from its pages.” [“Introduction.” 1 (Jan 1851); pp. 5-6.]

• “We are not insensible of the difficulties we have before us in the task of preparing a monthly series of articles designed to be admonitory of youth. Yet we have hope that our readers, although young, are of a character that will appreciate the fidelity of friendship, and will be glad to have the dangers of life pointed out to them early and plainly. We do not devote our pages to fault-finding, nor to dry precepts, and formal advice, however wholesome. Our object is to illustrate both vice and virtue, by means of interesting narratives, and speaking pictures. We hope, therefore, that our readers will regard us as a pleasant and friendly monitor, although a faithful one.” [“Introduction.” 4 (1854); pp. 5-6]

• The 1854 issues seem to have been late: “Owing to some hinderances in our publication office, this monthly magazine was late in making its appearance the present year; consequently our notice of it comes very late. Still we think it desirable for our friends to know that such a publication is continued, and sold in numbers at two cents each, or sent to subscribers for twenty-five cents a year.” [“Youth’s Monitor for 1854.” Sunday School Advocate 13 (March 11, 1854); p. 93]

continues: The Sunday-Scholar’s Mirror (1847-1850): “This Magazine [The Youth’s Monitor] takes the place of the Sunday-Scholar’s Mirror. In our serial literature for children, it is found by experience to be well to change the titles occasionally, for the sake of variety and good effect. Thus the Encourager followed the Children’s Magazine, the Mirror the Encourager, and now the Monitor succeeds the Mirror.” [Youth’s Monitor; p. 5] An advertisement for a bound volume explains that the Monitor was “the Juvenile Magazine which has taken the place of ‘The Sunday Scholar’s Mirror.’ ” [notice #22]

source of information: 1851-1854 bound vols; Advocate ; AAS catalog

available: AASHistPer, series 3 & 4

bibliography:

• “Introduction.” The Youth’s Monitor 1 (Jan 1851); pp. 5-6.

• Notice #22. The Methodist Quarterly Review 5 (Jan 1853); p. 142.

• “Periodicals for Youth.” Sunday School Advocate 13 (Feb 11, 1854): 78.

• “Youth’s Monitor for 1854.” Sunday School Advocate 13 (March 11, 1854); p. 93.

edited by: J. D. Reagan [note: Flanders gives wrong initials for Reagan]

published: Macon, Georgia: J. D. Reagan.

frequency: semimonthly

description: newspaper format

continues: Youth’s Gem ; 1850

source of information: Flanders; notices for Youth’s Gem

bibliography:

• notice. Southern Lady’s Companion. 4 (Jan 1851); p. 2.

• Bertram Holland Flanders. Early Georgia Magazines: Literary Periodicals to 1865. N.p.: The University of Georgia Press, 1944; p. 92.

edited by: Jan 1851-1855, G. L. Demarest

• 1856, Rev. H. R. Nye

• 1857-1859, H. R. Nye & G. L. Demerast

published: New York, New York: B. B. Hallock, Jan 1851-1859.

• Cincinnati, Ohio: N.p., Jan 1851-1859.

frequency: monthly

description: 1851: 36 pp.; page size, 5.75″ h • Religious focus: Universalist

absorbed by: The Myrtle (Boston, Massachusetts) ; 2 Aug 1851-1918

source of information: AASHistPer, series 3; AAS catalog; OCLC; Eddy

available: AASHistPer, series 3

bibliography:

• Richard Eddy. Universalism in America. Boston, Massachusetts: Universalist Publishing House, 1886; vol 2, p. 598. [google books]

cover/masthead: 1851-1852, 1855-1856 | 1857-1860 | 1865-1871 | 1872-1873

edited by: 1870, W. E. Schenck. 1872, John W. Dulles

published: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Presbyterian Board of Publication; 1855-March 1857, publisher at 265 Chestnut St.; April 1857-1873, publisher at 821 Chestnut St. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Sabbath School Union. New York, New York: Presbyterian Board of Publication; 1855-Aug 1856, publisher at 285 Broadway; Jan 1857-1873, publisher at 530 Broadway; 1861, publisher at 15 Chatham Square.

frequency: semimonthly, 1851-1852, 1855-1860 • monthly, 1865-1866 • monthly & semimonthly, 1868-1871

description: 4 pp.

• 1851-1852: page size, 12.25″ h x 9.5″ w; prices, 1 copy, 25¢/ year; 40 or more copies, $5/ year

• 1855-1860, 1865-1866: page size, 14.5″ h x 10.5″ w; prices, 1 copy, 25¢/ year; 8 or more copies, 12¢/ year

• 1868-1871: page size, 14.5″ h x 10.5″ w; prices: semimonthly, 1 copy, 50¢/ year; monthly, 1 copy, 25¢/ year; 8 or more copies, 8¢/ year

• 1872: 14.25″ h x 10.25″ w; prices: semimonthly, 1 copy, 50¢/ year; monthly, 1 copy, 25¢/ year

• Circulation: 1851, 34,000. 1856, 43,000. 1861, 70,000. 1869, 100,000. 1870, 150,000

• Religious focus: Presbyterian

relevant quotes:

• Intended to provide “positive juvenile literature in place of other less desirable material … constantly reaching the hands of children” [in Bates; p. 13]

• At the beginning, both issues for each month were sent at the same time: “The Visitor is intended as a semi-monthly publication, but, in order to reduce the postage one-half, we have deemed it best to send both the numbers for the month at the same time, and on one sheet. It will, of course, be understood that the superintendents will have the numbers separated, and one circulated on the first, and the other in the middle of the month.” [“To Pastors and Sabbath-School Superintendents.” 1 (1 Jan 1851); p. 1]

source of information: 1851-1852, 1855-1860, 1865-1872, scattered issues & bound volumes; Bates; Rowell; Kenny; NUC; AAS; Alexandria Gazette ; Jackson Citizen

available: AASHistPer, series 5

• Selections were reprinted as The Youth’s Visitor; or, Selections in prose and verse from the Presbyterian Sunday-school Visitor (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Presbyterian Board of Publication, 1853)

bibliography:

• “General Assembly (Old School).” New York Observer and Chronicle 29 (5 June 1851); pp. 1-2; mention on page 2.

• notice of The Youth’s Visitor. New York Observer and Chronicle 31 (29 Dec 1853); p. 414.

• notice of The Youth’s Visitor. German Reformed Messenger 19 (8 Feb 1854); p. 4035.

• Franklin B. Hough. “Newspapers and Other Periodicals Published in New-York in 1855,” in Census of the State of New-York, for 1855. Albany, New York: Charles Van Benthuysen, 1857; pp. 490-491.

• “Old School Presbyterian General Assembly.” Charleston Courier [Charleston, South Carolina] 54 (26 May 1856); p. 1.

• “General Assembly.” New York Observer and Chronicle 34 (29 May 1856); p. 172.

• “The Presidency and the New Element of Religion—Additional Newspaper Statistics.” The New York Herald [New York, New York] 26 Sept 1856: 4.

• advertisement. The Biblical Repertory and Princeton Review 32 (April 1860); p. 389.

• Daniel J. Kenny, comp. The American Newspaper Directory. New York: Watson & Co., 1861; pp. 51, 65. [google books]

• “Presbyterian General Assembly.” Alexandria Gazette [Alexandria, Virginia] 24 May 1861: 2.

• advertisement. New York Evangelist 39 (9 Jan 1868); p. 7.

• “The Presbyterian General Assemblies: The East.” Jackson Citizen [Jackson, Michigan] 25 May 1869: 1.

• The Men Who Advertise. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1870; p. 735. [google books]

• “Philadelphia Letter.” New York Evangelist 42 (14 Dec 1871); p. 2.

• Geo. P. Rowell & Co.’s American Newspaper Directory. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1872; p. 161. [archive.org]

• Barbara Snedeker Bates. “Denominational Periodicals: The Invisible Literature.” Phaedrus 7 (Spring/Summer 1980); pp. 13-18.

cover/masthead: Feb 1853 | Nov 1853

published: Rochester, New York: O. R. L. Crozier, April 1851-after Feb 1853; publisher at the “office of the Advent Harbinger, Talman Block, opposite the Arcade”

• Honeoye, New York: O. R. L. Crozier, after Feb 1853

frequency: monthly; first of month

description: As Children’s Friend: 8 pp.; price, 1 copy, 38¢/ year; page size, 11″ h

• As Child’s Friend: 4 pp.; prices: 1 copy, 38¢/ year; 4 copies, $1/ year; 50 copies, $10/ year

• Apparently two issues between Feb and Nov not printed: whole #23 is Feb 1853; whole #29 is Nov 1853

• Religious focus: Seventh-Day Adventist

relevant quote: The Friend was not a profitable concern: Crozier had lost about $300 on volume one and solicited donations to make up $100 of the deficit; as of Feb 1853, he had received $20. Crozier was blunt in his appeal to readers who wanted the paper to continue: “Unless something more is done to sustain this paper, we shall be obliged to discontinue its publication at the end of the present volume, which closes with the next number. [Transcriber’s note: The next number would be March 1853.] From present appearances, the deficit will be about the same on this volume as on the last.—After setting down the deficit of the first volume at only two-thirds of what it really was, we have received only about one-fifth of that! … We have done what we could to awaken an interest in this matter, but almost in vain: and we have come to the conclusion, that when we have paid the bills [p. 93] for this volume our duty in that direction will be done.” [The Children’s Friend 2 (Feb 1853); pp. 92-93] Crozier appears to have tried again to publish the Friend in another town.

source of information: AASHistPer; AAS

available: AASHistPer, series 4

cover/masthead: 1852

edited by:

• Jethro Jackson, 1851 • D. S. Burnet & Jethro Jackson, 1852

published:

• Lexington, Kentucky, 1851

• Cincinnati, Ohio: Christian Depository, 1852; publisher at Walnut and 8th St.

frequency: monthly

description:

• 8 pp.; prices: 1 copy, 25¢/ year; 9 copies, $2/ year; 25 copies, $5/ year; 100 copies, $18/ year

• Religious focus

source of information: AAS catalog; AASHistPer

available: AASHistPer, series 3

published: Cheraw, South Carolina: James T. Powell

frequency: semimonthly

description: Prices, 1 copy, $1/ year; 7 copies, $7/ year; 12 copies, $9/ year; 20 copies, $15/ year

• Temperance focus

relevant information: Probably only a sample issue was published

relevant quote: From the prospectus: “In this enterprise our design is principally to advocate the Order of the Cadets of Temperance—to make our paper the organ of that body in this and other States. We believe (though we are not sure,) that there is, at present, no paper in the South devoted to the interest of the ‘Cadets;’ and we are persuaded that one, well conducted, would be acceptable to both the youth and the parent in this section of our country. And, though we are not politician, still we are inclined to the opinion that one maxim in political economy—‘encourage home industry”—should be considered by the readers of this prospectus before they decide to refuse us their patronage. We can claim a favorable consideration, however, but once on this score; our merits must decide the question of our future success. … We shall endeavor to make our little sheet a pleasant and welcome Monitor to all our young readers, and to bring them regularly such a budget of useful, interesting and entertaining matter as shall amply repay their subscription money. We especially appeal for support to the members of Sections throughout this and other States, and pledge ourselves to battle for their cause, perseveringly and unflinchingly, being sustained by the belief, that we would be engaged in a good cause. We’ll endeavor, by all fair means, to convince your parents that you’re doing right, and to assist you inducing others to join your already numerous and flourishing Society.” [Charleston Daily Courier 17 Dec 1851]

source of information: notices, etc., below

bibliography:

• We perceive. Charleston Daily Courier [Charleston, South Carolina] 27 June 1851; p. 2.

• “Youth’s Temperance Monitor.” Spirit of the Age [Raleigh, North Carolina] 11 July 1851; p. 2.

• The youth’s [sic] Temperance Monitor. Carolina Watchman [Salisbury, North Carolina] 11 Sept 1851; p. 3.

• “Prospectus of the ‘Youth’s Temperance Monitor.’ ” The Charleston Daily Courier [Charleston, South Carolina] 17 Dec 1851; p. 3.

edited by: 2 Aug 1851-1875, Rev. John G. Adams

• 1866-1868, Phebe Hanaford

• 1869-1875, Mrs. H. A. Bingham

• 1875-1905, Elizabeth M. Bruce

published: Boston, Massachusetts: J. M. Usher; 1852, 1861, publisher at 37 Cornhill.

• Boston, Massachusetts: Universalist Publishing House, 1865-1876.

frequency: 1851, weekly; 1852-1871, semimonthly; 1871, weekly

description: 1852: page size, 10″ h; price, 50¢/ year

• 1861, price 50¢

• 1865: prices: 1 copy, 50¢/ year; 10-15 copies, 30¢/ year; 16+ copies, postage prepaid, 35¢/ year

• 1870: 4 pp.; page size, 21″ h x 14″ w; price, 50¢

• 1872: 8 pp.; octavo; price, 50¢

• Religious focus: Universalist

absorbed: The Young Christian ; Jan 1851-1859

source of information: Miller; Fisher; AAS catalog; Eddy

available: AASHistPer, series 4 & 5

• Part of “A Different God” was reprinted as part of a diatribe against the religion’s teachings in the Vermont Christian Messenger [“A Specimen of Their Teaching”]

bibliography:

• The Boston directory for the Year 1852. Boston, Massachusetts: George Adams, 1852; p. 35. [google books]

• Daniel J. Kenny, comp. The American Newspaper Directory. New York: Watson & Co., 1861; p. 30. [google books]

• “The Myrtle, Our Sabbath School Paper.” The Morning Star [Dover, New Hampshire] 16 June 1852; p. 1.

• “A Specimen of Their Teaching.” Vermont Christian Messenger [Montpelier, Vermont] 6 Oct 1864; p. 2.

• “Universalist Publications.” Christian Repository [Montpelier, Vermont] 24 June 1865; p. 3.

• The Men Who Advertise. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1870; p. 665. [google books]

• Geo. P. Rowell & Co.’s American Newspaper Directory. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1871; p. 64. [hathitrust.org]

• Geo. P. Rowell & Co.’s American Newspaper Directory. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1872; p. 73. [archive.org]

• L. B. Fisher. A Brief History of the Universalist Church, for Young People, 4th ed., revised. N.p.: N.p., n.d.; p. 169.

• Richard Eddy. Universalism in America. Boston, Massachusetts: Universalist Publishing House, 1886; vol 2, p. 598. [google books]

• Russell E. Miller. The Larger Hope: The First Century of the Universalist Church in America, 1770-1870. Boston, Massachusetts: Unitarian Universalist Association, 1979; vol 1, p. 560.

edited by: J. Mitchell, jr.

published: Little Rock, Arkansas: J. Mitchell, jr.

frequency: weekly

description: Price, 5¢/ month

source of information: Gem

bibliography:

• notice. The Genius of Youth 1 (1 June 1852); p. 7.

• notice. The Western Gem, and Musician 4 (July 1852); p. 20. online

source of information: mentioned in The Western Gem, and Musician 4 (Sept 1852); p. 36.

edited by: committee: George A. Wheeler, J. C. Richardson, W. F. Straub, J. H. Hartshorne, and E. H. Tatem

published: Germantown, Ohio: H. S. Elliott, early 1852

• Cincinnati, Ohio: Queen City Section No. 2, Cadets of Temperance, Aug 1852

frequency: monthly

description: Price, 25¢/ year

• Temperance focus

relevant information: A publication for the Order of Cadets of Temperance.

relevant quotes:

• The prospectus: “Queen City Section No. 2, Cadets of Temperance, [l]ocated at Cincinnati, have purchased of the present Proprietors, Messrs. H. S. Elliott & Co., of Germantown, Ohio, their entire interest in the “Ohio Cadet,’ an official organ for the Cadets and Daughters of temperance, which they propose to publish in the City of Cincinnati, monthly, at the low rate of twenty-five cents per annum. It will at all times use very means in tis power to promote the ever bright and glorious principles of Truth, Virtue and Temperance; to prevent the use of intoxicating drinks, and the consumption, in every form, of the vile weed, Tobacco. Firm and steadfast as a Friend to the Poor and WRETCHED DRUNKARD, so will it be a DEADLY, and BITTER FOE to his vile and unprincipled seducers, the Manufacturer and Vender of intoxicating drinks, who will be handled without respect to persons, as roughly as possible. “The Cadet” will ever be found battling on the side of Humanity and Right, and will be conducted on strictly moral principles. To you, Fathers, and to you, Mothers, we would say, lend us a helping hand, to aid in preventing the demon Intemperance in again darkening the Household, and blighting the Family Altar of the peaceful and happy home. On you, Cadets, Daughters, Sons and Templars, we mainly rely for the support of our enterprise, and the permanent establishment of an organ advocating those pure and cherished principles on which our Order is founded. The price is so low that ALL can obtain it—none can say, ‘I am not able.’ The smallest of our members and friends can easily obtain that trifling sum. And now, friends of Temperance, Friends of Humanity, Justice and Right, shall our appeal be in vain? We hope not. The first No., Vol. 3, of the ‘Ohio Cadet,’ will be issued about the first of August, with a new and beautiful head, and typographically improved throughout. Each number will contain one column of City News and such Gleanings from the Mails as will interest our readers, and be consistent with the tone and character of our paper.” [“Prosspectus”]

• The parent organization was quite enthusiastic: “The paper has a good circulation, and is edited with ability and tact. It should be placed in the hands of all the yough in our State, and it is to be hoped that every ‘Son’ will feel it his duty to aid our young brethren in the noble work to which they have devoted themselves[.]” [“Grand Scribe’s Report”]

may have been absorbed by: Forest Garland ; 1853-1854 [“The Garland”]

source of information: notices, etc., below

available: “Declaration of the Cadets of Temperance,” a proclamation of temperance principles modeled on the United States’ Declaration of Independence, was reprinted in The Organ of the Temperance Reform [Cincinnati, Ohio] 19 Nov 1852; p. 3.

bibliography:

• “Ohio Cadet.” The Organ of the Temperance Reform [Cincinnati, Ohio] 12 March 1852; p. 2.

• “The Ohio Cadet.” The Organ of the Temperance Reform [Cincinnati, Ohio] 23 July 1852; p. 2.

• “Prosspectus.” [sic] The Organ of the Temperance Reform [Cincinnati, Ohio] 23 July 1852; p. 3.

• “Grand Scribe’s Report.” The Organ of the Temperance Reform [Cincinnati, Ohio] 5 Nov 1852; p. 3.

• “The Garland.” The Ohio Organ, of the Temperance Reform [Cincinnati, Ohio] 28 Jan 1853; p. 5.

cover/masthead: 1852

edited by: G. E. Elford • W. T. Smith

published: Greenville, South Carolina: G. E. Elford & L. Wood

frequency: monthly

description: 16 pp.; price: 50¢/ year

• Temperance focus

relevant quotes:

• The first issue seems to have been available in Dec 1851: “[Cadet of Temperance] is the name of a small but good-looking monthly, published at Greenville, S. C., and edited by G. E. Elford & W. T. Smith. It will doubtless prove an efficient laborer in the field selected for its exertions. We can make for it no better wish, than that it may find its prototype in one of those fresh, bold, pure and ‘cool-bubbling fountains’ of the mountains, ever sparkling, ever clear, and ever refreshing.” [“Cadet of Temperance”]

• The Cadet had financial difficulties immediately: “Dear young friends, when we took the Cadet’s Companion from the hands of its original projectors, we did so, thinking that our efforts in your behalf would be appreciated on your part, and that you would exert yourselves to sustain your paper. But the case has been otherwise. Up to this number we have barely met our expenses of press work, paper, etc.—exclusive of labor in type-setting, the most material item in our bill of expenses. Under present circumstances, we shall lose, on every subsequent number we print, (unless large accessions are made to our subscription list,) between fifteen and twenty dollars! This loss can be avoided, and the permanency of the Cadet secured, if each subscriber will endeavor to increase our subscription list. Unless the subscription is increased sufficiently to justify our continuance, we shall, at the close of the volume, “strike our colors” and leave the field, as “discretion is the better part of valor.” Let no one blame us for this. Much as we regret it, we will be forced to this alternative. But as we have not yet struck our colors, there is a living chance. Let every Cadet exert himself in obtaining subscribers, and let those who have not paid up, do so immediately.” [“To Our Patrons.” 1 (Feb 1852); p. 31]

continues: The Cadet’s Companion (1851)

may be continued by: Forest Garland (1853-1854) The Forest Garland is “the successor of the Cadet of Temperance.” [“The Garland”]

source of information: AASHistPer series 3; “Cadet of Temperance”

available: AASHistPer series 3 (1 issue)

bibliography:

• “Cadet of Temperance.” Edgefield Advertiser [Edgefield, South Carolina] 11 Dec 1851; p. 2.

• “The Garland.” The Ohio Organ, of the Temperance Reform [Cincinnati, Ohio] 28 Jan 1853; p. 5.

edited by: J. C. Mitchell • May 1853, J. G. Mitchel & W. T. Robinson

published: Little Rock, Arkansas: J. C. Mitchell • Little Rock, Arkansas: J. G. Mitchel & W. T. Robinson, 1853.

frequency: weekly • 1853, semimonthly

description: page size, 12.5″ h. Price, 1853: 50¢/ year

relevant quote: The Banner was “devoted especially to the developement [sic] of the young.” [Notice. The Western Gem]

• The Banner appears to have been the subject of some ribbing by the North Carolina University Magazine, which asserted that “The editor of the [National Intelligencer] does not ‘gas’ and embellish more than the editor of the Youth’s Banner.” [“Backwoods”; pp. 385-386.]

source of information: Gem ; OCLC

bibliography:

• “Backwoods.” “Newspapers versus Mammon.” The North Carolina University Magazine 1 (Nov 1852); p. 385-387. [google books]

• notice. Monthly Literary Miscellany Feb 1853, p. 63-64. online

• notice. The Western Gem 6 (May 1853); p. 15. online

edited by: to 5 Jan 1904, Adelaide B. Cooper

• 12 Jan 1904, Fannie M. Dickerson; Lora E. Clement

published: Washington, District of Columbia: Review & Herald Publ. Association.

• Washington, District of Columbia: Seventh-Day Adventists, 1936.

frequency: weekly

description: Page size, 15.25″ h • 75¢

source of information: Garwood; OCLC

bibliography:

• Irving Garwood. American Periodicals from 1850 to 1860. Macomb, Illinois: Irving Garwood, 1931.

• Gertrude C. Gilmer. Checklist of Southern Periodicals to 1861. Boston, Massachusetts: F. W. Faxon Company, 1934; p. 65.

cover/masthead: 1853-Dec 1857, 1864-1868, 1870-1871 | Jan 1858-March 1861 | April 1861-Dec 1863

edited by: Rev. Wm. A. Hallock and Mrs. H. C. Knight, 1869-1872

published: New York, New York: American Tract Society, 1852-1897?; 1861-1864, publisher at 150 Nassau St.

• Boston, Massachusetts: N. P. Kemp, Nov 1854-Dec 1855; publisher at 28 Cornhill, Nov 1854-Dec 1855; publisher at 40 Cornhill, 1864-1867. Boston, Massachusetts: H. E. Simmons, 1870-1871; publisher at 116 Washington St.

• Also published in Philadelphia, Baltimore, Cincinnati, & New Orleans

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/year

description: 4 pp.; page size, 14″ h x 9 5/8″ w • Prices: 1852, 1 copy, 10¢/ year. 1854-1855, 1857-April 1864: “payable in advance, in packages of not less than ten copies,” 10/$1 (10¢ ea); 50/$4.50 (9¢ ea); 100/$8 (8¢ ea).

• before? Nov 1864-1871: “in packages of not less than EIGHT copies,” 8/$1; 40/$5; 100/$12

• Circulation: March 1852, 50,000; May 1852, 100,000 & 125,000. Jan 1853, 190,000; May 1853, 250,000; 3,442,000/ year. May 1854, 250,000. May 1855, 300,000. 1856, 305,000. 1857, 310,000. 1858-1859, 300,000. 1862, 225,000. 1863, 225,000. 1864, 263,083. 1865, 295,333. 1866, 308,666. 1867, 336,383. 1868, 350,000. 1871, 340,316

• Religious focus

relevant information:

• Some subscribers took more than one copy; this includes the unknown unfortunate who lost “a small PACKAGE, containing a copy of the N. E. Genealogical Register and several copies of the ‘Child’s Paper’ ” in Hartford, Connecticut, in 1852. [Lost] A piece in the New York Observer describes a storekeeper who keeps a stack of copies on hand to give to the children running errands to his store. [“The Country Store”]

• Probably the “child’s paper, full of beautiful pictures of precocious little angels, and pretty stories for little boys and girls, which is entirely safe reading” referred to in an indignant piece in the Brooklyn Daily Eagle on subjects unsuitable for publication, in 1859. [“Prudery and Indelicacy”]

• On the list of periodicals subscribed to by the Massachusetts State Reform School in 1867. [Twenty-First Annual Report]

relevant quotes:

• Intended to have a better influence than folk literature: “To the juvenile mind it will possess all the interest, without any of the baneful influences of ‘Mother Goose’s Fairy Tales,’ and other abominable issues from the press of a darker age.” [American Union 31 Jan 1852]

• On page 22 of the June 1853 issue, a child looks placidly out at the reader while Noah and other adults greet a dove with an olive twig in its beak. This struck readers as inaccurate: “They should employ artists, possessing a sufficient knowledge of Scripture to design cuts that will illustrate the subject. A picture with a child looking out of the ark, brings to mind an old picture of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, with a man in the background shooting ducks with a shot gun!” [“A Child in the Ark!”]

• In 1856, the Paper was involved in a small religious war: “Yesterday afternoon, there was quite an assemblage of boys at the Bethel Mission School, … including children of Roman Catholic parents and quite a number from the Sands street school.—Each scholar was presented with a copy of the Child’s Paper. As they emerged from the School, there was collected, outside, a gang of unruly boys, sent there, no doubt, by Roman Catholic parents, who attacked the scholars, took the papers, tore them into pieces, and beat the children, and one of the teachers was struck. Some of the Roman Catholic children, who were in the school, participated in these disgraceful proceedings. Arrangements have been made to prevent a repetition of this disgraceful affair.” [“Disgraceful Proceedings”]

• In 1857, the American Tract Society began to codify how the subject of slavery should be handled in its publications; a hair-splitting report of the Investigating Committee at the business meeting in New York concluded “[t]hat in the judgment of your Committee, the political aspects of slavery lie entirely without the proper sphere of this Society, and cannot be discussed in its publications; but that those moral duties which grow out of the existence of slavery, as well as those moral evils and vices which it is known to promote, and which are condemned in Scripture, and so much deplored by evangelical Christians undoubtedly do fall within the province of this Society, and can and ought to be discussed in a fraternal and Christian spirit.” The report was adopted unanimously. [Richmond Dispatch 15 May 1857] The result, however, was a lot of discussion (see, for example, “The American Tract Society, Boston” & “Ye Shall Know Them By Their Fruit.” The Liberator) and a schism in the Society between the anti-slavery Boston Society and the New York Society, which did not want to address slavery head on and was, in fact, referred to as “a Pro-slavery Society” by critics. [Green-Mountain Freeman 24 Nov 1859] The schism resulted in the publication of The Child at Home. But Southerners were not mollified, and they founded papers like the Children’s Friend to counteract the “popular Union compromise literature of the day.” [“Editorial Commentaries.” Tennessee Baptist]

• Some Northern papers also took issue with the anti-slavery elements of the Paper. Responding to a notice in another paper which called it “[o]ne of the most beautiful and valuable little sheets printed in the English language in the Union,” the Syracuse Daily Courier shredded it: “And this same ‘Child’s Paper,’ is one of those ‘neat’ and ‘beautiful’ and ‘attractive’ things which insidiously work their way into families and sabbath Schools, filled with wood-cuts and taking particular pains to stir up occasionally the muddy waters of abolitionism, religious intolerance and fanaticism. The arch enemy assumes divers shapes, and this is one of them.” [8 May 1858]

• During the Civil War, copies of the Paper were among those sent to be distributed among soldiers in the field, who were unappreciative: “The notion of sending such reading matter to the soldiers could only emanate from the cracked brain of some insane abolitionist. The papers never reached the soldiers. They were used to soften the cot of three or four officers, and there they remain.” [“Reading for the Army”] An “Address to the Soldiers” later that year was oblivious to what happened to the earlier papers: “We have sent some articles of diet … ; and we have sent you books and papers to while away some tedious hours. You will not even despise the ‘Child’s Paper,’ or the ‘Guest,’ as coming from us, we know. In these you may hear as it were the voice of childhood speaking to you, and all that voice to you is love!” [“Doings in the Sunday Schools”] A list of donations for soldiers collected the next year in Buffalo, New York, included 60 copies of the Paper. Given that Charles L’Isle describes the Christian Commission “cram[ming] an arm-ful or so of the Child’s Paper, or other tracts for the graceless, into our tents,” these, too, were probably unappreciated. Southern prisoners of war, though, were appreciative; writing of the prisoners of war on Hait’s Island at the end of the War, B. T. Eastman notes that “the American Messenger, Child’s Paper and Hymn Books donated, were specially prized and kept to be carried to Southern homes.”

• As the War ended, the Paper changed its approach to slavery, as two periodicals noted when they reprinted an untitled story in the Sept 1864 issue. [13 (Sept 1864); p. 33] The Friends’ Review notes that “[t]he publication, by the American Tract Society, of the … article in The Child’s Paper affords a striking instance of the change in public sentiment since the time when that Society carefully expunged from its books and tracts every remark of an anti-slavery character.” [“The Slave Mother”] The Orleans Independent Standard agrees: “Not many months ago the society was careful to put in [the Paper] no word or picture that could give offence to slaveholders and their apologists. It is different now, however.” [3 March 1865] In the story—illustrated by an engraving of a black mother holding her baby as she looks into rays of light passing through a window—Dinah is helpless to keep any of her 12 children with her as they are sold or taken away.

• After the Civil War, one clergyman distributed the Paper to new readers: “ ‘When in South Carolina, some one sent me monthly twenty numbers of the Child’s Paper, which I distributed to the children, black and white, and all were very eager to get them. I also gave away about fifty primers to the needy learners of the A B C’s.” [“Help those that need Help”]

source of information: 1854-1855, 1857-1868, 1870-1871 scattered issues & bound vol; AASHistPer; notices, etc., below; OCLC; NUC

available: AASHistPer, series 3, 4, 5

• In 1860, stories from the Paper were published as Flowers of Spring Time (American Tract Society).

• “Christ in the Boat” appeared in the South Western Baptist [Marion, Alabama; 23 April 1863; p. 4].

• Two periodicals reprinted a story about a slave mother: as “The Slave Mother” Friends’ Review 18 (8 Oct 1864); pp. 87-88. as part of “A Wonderful Change,” Orleans Independent Standard [Irasburgh, Vermont] 3 March 1865; p. 1.

bibliography:

• “Periodicals of the Tract Press.” The New York Times [New York, New York] 11 Oct 1851; p. 1. Also, Poughkeepsie Journal [Poughkeepsie, New York] 15 Nov 1851; p. 1. And, “Periodical Issues of the American Tract [So]ciety.” Hartford Courant [Hartford, Connecticut] 18 Oct 1851; p. 2.

• “The American Tract Society.” German Reformed Messenger 17 (24 Dec 1851); p. 3398.

• “New Publications.” Albany Evening Journal [Albany, New York] 14 Jan 1852; p. 2.

• “Child’s Paper.” The Woodstock Mercury, and Windsor County Advertiser [Woodstock, Vermont] 15 Jan 1852; p. 3.

• “Our Table.” The Brattleboro’ Eagle [Brattleboro, Vermont] 29 Jan 1852; p. 3.

• “The Child’s Paper.” American Union [Morgantown, West Virginia] 31 Jan 1852; p. 2.

• “The Child’s Paper, March.” The Brattleboro’ Eagle [Brattleboro, Vermont] 18 March 1852; p. 3.

• “Religious Items.” Hartford Courant [Hartford, Connecticut] 8 May 1852; p. 2.

• “The American Tract Society.” The Independent 4 (13 May 1852); p. 78.

• “American Tract Society.” The Advocate [Buffalo, New York] 20 May 1852; p. 2.

• “Religious Intelligence.” Vermont Journal [Windsor, Vermont] 21 May 1852; p. 3.

• Lost, between the store of Charles Hosmer. Hartford Courant [Hartford, Connecticut] 26 May 1852; p. 2.

• “American Tract Society—Home and Foreign Operations.” The New York Times [New York, New York] 22 July 1852; p. 1.

• “Newspapers of the American Tract Society and the American Sunday School Union.” The Louisville Daily Courier [Louisville, Kentucky] 25 Jan 1853; p. 2.

• “The American Tract Society.” The Christian Observer 32 (14 May 1853); p. 78.

• “Religious Anniversaries.” Hartford Courant [Hartford, Connecticut] 14 May 1853; p. 2.

• “A Child in the Ark!” Washington Telegraph [Washington, Arkansas] 3 Aug 1853; p. 4.

• “American Tract Society.” Buffalo Courier [Buffalo, New York] 20 Jan 1854; p. 2.

• “The American Tract Society.” New York Daily Herald [New York, New York] 11 May 1854; p. 7.

• notice. The Youth’s Casket 3 (Dec 1854); p. 270. online

• Franklin B. Hough. “Newspapers and Other Periodicals Published in New-York in 1855,” in Census of the State of New-York, for 1855. Albany, New York: Charles Van Benthuysen, 1857; pp. 488-489.

• “A Large Circulation.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 14 April 1855; p. 2.

• “American Tract Society.” Vermont Chronicle [Bellows Falls, Vermont] 15 May 1855; p. 1.

• “The American Tract Society.” The Missionary Magazine 35 (Aug 1855); p. 370.

• “Disgraceful Proceedings.” Brooklyn Evening Star [Brooklyn, New York] 17 March 1856; p. 2.

• The Child’s Paper. The Enterprise and Vermonter [Vergennes, Vermont] 28 March 1856; p. 2.

• “American Tract Society.” Vermont Chronicle [Bellows Falls, Vermont] 13 May 1856; p. 1.

• “The American Tract Society.” German Reformed Messenger 21 (14 May 1856); p. 4306.

• “The Country Store.” Vermont Chronicle [Bellows Falls, Vermont] 20 May 1856; p. 1.

• “The Child’s Monthly Book.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 13 Sept 1856; p. 4.

• comment on a notice. Syracuse Daily Courier and Union [Syracuse, New York] 8 May 1858; p. 2.

• “American Tract Society.” Richmond Dispatch [Richmond, Virginia] 15 May 1857; p. 4.

• “The American Tract Society.” German Reformed Messenger 22 (20 May 1857); p. 2.

• “The American Tract Society.” German Reformed Messenger 23 (26 May 1858); p. 2.

• “The American Tract Society, Boston.” The Liberator [Boston, Massachusetts] 10 Dec 1858; p. 198.

• “Ye Shall Know Them By Their Fruit.” The Liberator [Boston, Massachusetts] 17 Dec 1858; p. 202.

• “American Tract Society.” The Daily Exchange [Baltimore, Maryland] 13 May 1859; p. 4.

• “The American Tract Society.” New York Evangelist 30 (19 May 1859); p. 2.

• “Prudery and Indelicacy.” Brooklyn Daily Eagle [Brooklyn, New York] 16 July 1859; p. 2.

• J. P. S. “Tract Societies.” Green-Mountain Freeman [Montpelier, Vermont] 24 Nov 1859; p. 2.

• The Child’s Paper. Alabama Beacon [Greensboro, Alabama] 9 Dec 1859; p. 1.

• “Tract House On Fire.” New York Observer and Chronicle 37 (15 Dec 1859); p. 398.

• “The Tract Society Papers.” Vermont Chronicle [Bellows Falls, Vermont] 10 Jan 1860; p. 2. And, “Boston Tract Society Papers.” Vermont Chronicle [Bellows Falls, Vermont] 10 Jan 1860; p. 3.

• “The Tract Journal and the Child at Home.” Vermont Chronicle [Bellows Falls, Vermont] 17 Jan 1860; p. 2.

• “The T[r]act Society Papers.” Vermont Chronicle [Bellows Falls, Vermont] 24 Jan 1860; p. 14.

• “American Tract Society: Plain Questions and Answers.” New York Times [New York, New York] 4 April 1860; pp. 10-11.

• “Editorial Commentaries: The Tract Journal and Child at Home.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 21 April 1860; p. 2.

• Bucer. “ ‘The Tract Journal’ and ‘Child at Home,’ vs. ‘American Messenger’ and the [‘]Child’s Paper;’ or Boston vs. New York.” German Reformed Messenger 25 (27 June 1860); p. 2.

• Zwingli. “The Schism in the American Tract Society.” German Reformed Messenger 25 (11 July 1860); p. 1.

• “Now is the Time to Subscribe.” The Fremont Weekly Journal [Fremont, Ohio] 30 Nov 1860; p. 2.

• notice of Flowers of Spring Time. New York Observer and Chronicle 38 (13 Dec 1860); p. 394.

• Daniel J. Kenny, comp. The American Newspaper Directory. New York: Watson & Co., 1861; p. 29, 49. [google books]

• “New York anniversaries: American Tract Society.” Vermont Chronicle [Bellows Falls, Vermont] 13 May 1862; p. 2.

• “Reading for the Army.” Quad-City Times [Davenport, Iowa] 21 March 1863; p. 3.

• “The American Tract Society.” New York Evangelist 33 (14 May 1863); p. 8.

• “Doings in the Sunday Schools.” The Brooklyn Daily Eagle [Brooklyn, New York] 28 Dec 1863; p. 2.

• “From the Ladies’ Christian Commission.” Buffalo Courier [Buffalo, New York] 6 Feb 1864; p. 4.

• Charles L’Isle. “Our Military Correspondence.” The Jeffersonian Democrat [Chardon, Ohio] 25 March 1864; p. 4.

• “American Tract Society.” New York Evangelist 35 (19 May 1864); p. 2.

• “The Slave Mother.” Friends’ Review 18 (8 Oct 1864); pp. 87-88.

• “The Child’s Paper.” The Hillsdale Standard [Hillsdale, Michigan] 27 Dec 1864; p. 3.

• Franklin B. Hough. “Newspapers and Other Periodicals,” in Census of the State of New York, for 1865. Albany, New York: Charles Van Benthuysen & Sons, 1867; pp. 590-591.

• “A Wonderful Change.” Orleans Independent Standard [Irasburgh, Vermont] 3 March 1865; p. 1.

• “The Religious Anniversaries.” The Baltimore Sun [Baltimore, Maryland] 11 May 1865; p. 4.

• B. T. Eastman. letter. The Daily Standard [Raleigh, North Carolina] 22 June 1865; p. 3.

• “Religious Intelligence.” Fall River Daily Evening News [Fall River, Massachusetts] 12 May 1866; p. 2.

• “The American Tract Society of New York—Operations During the Past Year.” Semi-Weekly Wisconsin [Milwaukee, Wisconsin] 15 May 1867; p. 2.

• “Reduction of Terms.” The Children’s Friend (Richmond, Virginia) 21 Dec 1867: p. 95.

• Twenty-First Annual Report of the Trustees of the State Reform School. Boston, Massachusetts: Wright & Potter, 1868; p. 18. [google books]

• The annual report of the American Tract Society. The Daily Evening Express [Lancaster, Pennsylvania] 19 May 1868; p. 2.

• “American Tract Society.” The Ladies’s Repository 29 (Aug 1868); p. 156.

• “Help those that need Help.” New York Evangelist 39 (6 Aug 1868); p. 4.

• Geo. P. Rowell & Co’s American Newspaper Directory. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1869; p. 76. [archive.org]

• The Men Who Advertise. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1870; p. 705. [google books]

• The May anniversaries at New York. Vermont Christian Messenger [Montpelier, Vermont] 1 June 1871; p. 2.

• Geo. P. Rowell & Co.’s American Newspaper Directory. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1872; pp. 125-126. [archive.org]

• notice. Christian World 23 (June 1872); p. 199.

cover/masthead: 1856

edited by: 1852, Hume [Buffalo Morning Express 31 Dec 1851]

• 1852-1853, Harley Thorne (penname of James O. Brayman)

• 1853-1854, James O. Brayman

• Nov 1854-1857, Harriet E. G. Arey; editorial offices at 227 Main St., 1856

published: Buffalo, New York: Beadle & Vanduzee, Jan 1852-March 1853; printed by Phinney & Co.

• Buffalo, New York: Beadle & Brother, April 1853-Nov 1853.

• Buffalo, New York: E. F. Beadle, Dec 1853-Dec 1855; publisher at 199 Main St., 1854-1855.

• Buffalo, New York: Beadle & Adams, Jan 1856-1857.

frequency: monthly

description:

• 1852-1857: page size, 8.75″ h x 5 11/16″ w; price, 50¢/year

• 1852: 16 pp.; first issues, cover was white printed in reddish orange; price, 50¢/ year

• 1853-July 1857, Sept-Dec 1857: 24 pp.: “[I]t will this year have twenty-four pages ….” [Jan 1853; p. 27] Aug 1857: 32 pp. Price: 1853-1854, 50¢/ year

• Circulation (from magazine): 1853, 3000-4000

relevant information: The Buffalo Morning Express states that the illustrations “are by Buffalo artists.” [31 Dec 1851]

• The Buffalo Commercial reprinted testimonials from several clergymen attesting to the worth of the Casket. [28 Feb 1852]

• In 1855, Beadle apparently provided 25 copies of the Casket to Buffalo’s schools, at a cost of $37.50. [“Corporation Proceedings”]

• On 28 June 1856, a “Youth’s Casket Festival” was held, with subscribers meeting for a gigantic picnic at Ketchum’s picnic grounds; omnibus tickets to the grounds were sold at the Casket’s office. [“Youth’s Casket Festival”; “Boys and Girls of Buffalo”]

relevant quotes:

• From the prospectus: “The object of this publication, like that of other publications of the same sort, is to furnish to the Youth of our land a well selected, well arranged, and miscellaneous variety of matter, both Amusing and Instructive; not forgetting, as of highest importance, to make such a selection as will be of positive service in the cultivation of the Religious and Moral Sentiments. In furtherance of this laudable object, the Casket will present, as far as practicable, an interesting variety of Innocent Tales, and Historical and Biographical Narratives; always giving the preference to persons and events connected with the History of America. We shall, also, draw largely from the wide field of Natural History, and from other branches of Philosophy and Science. In those lighter departments, intended more especially for the cultivation of cheerfulness of disposition, the Casket will present a careful selection of Sports and Pastimes; alternating the whole with frequent contributions of Poetry. All which will be fitly illustrated—a feature especially pleasing to the young—with an abundant supply of Beautiful Engravings; and all got up with such particular regard to excellence of Typographical execution, as we are confident, will make it one of the Most Beautiful Magazines for Youth ever Published in America; and so, we trust, not unworthy to occupy a place on the center-table of the Drawing-Room and Parlor.” [advertisement. The Advocate 1 Jan 1852]

• Introductory: “We here present you with the first number of the ‘Youth’s Casket.’ We have taken great pains to make it acceptable to you. Do you think we have succeeded? There are few periodicals published especially for children and youth, but those few, so far as we are acquainted with them, are excellent. [Note: In 1852, there were at least 40 children’s periodicals being published in the U. S.] … We frankly confess that, in part, we labor that we may obtain money; but in return for the money which you send us we shall exert ourselves to do you good, and to repay you with that which will be really of more value to you than that which you part with. … [T]hat you may be both instructed and entertained, the Casket will present you, we trust, with a pleasant variety of historical, scientific, and philosophical information, and with equally as pleasant a variety of tales, and articles relating to sports, pastimes, &c., all which we hope will be quite to your taste. Besides all this, the Casket will salute your eyes with ever so many pictures; and we shall try to make them pretty too, very pretty, for we know that young folks are especially fond of such. Now if we fulfill these encouragements will you not help us along? We trust you will.” [“Introductory Address.” 1 (Jan 1852); pp. 1-2]

• The first issue was later than planned: “Our Present Number.—It is before you, though in consequence of a long spell of sickness, it is late. For the same reason together with a slight miscalculation as to space we have not given you so great a variety of subjects as we had intended. However we have now got so good a start that we think we shall find no difficulty in making all future numbers about right. We feel sure that at all events no future number will be less acceptable to you than the present.” [“Our Present Number.” 1 (Jan 1852); p. 20]

• Almost all the material in the first issue was original to the magazine: “We have on our table a copy of the first number of the [Casket]. It is printed in a handsome style and does great credit to the publishers. Its contents embrace a large amount of useful reading matter for juveniles, all of which is original, with the exception of one article, which is translated from the German. It is the first thing of the kind in the city, and should meet with support.” [Buffalo Daily Republic]

• The first two issues were reprinted: “In consequence of the increasing demand for the Casket, we have been obliged to print a second edition of the January and February numbers, and also to print, this month, double the number of the last. And here we wish it to be understood—for we have often been asked—that as every number of the Casket is stereotyped, back numbers will be furnished whenever called for.” [“A Second Edition.” 1 (March 1852); p. 51]

• The title was a bit too similar to that of another periodical: “We see that some of our correspondents and exchanges designate our magazine as the “Youth’s Cabinet.” Now this is, truly, a very excellent title of a very excellent magazine; but it is not the title of our magazine, which, by a simple reference to the cover, all will see is the “Youth’s Casket.” [“Our Title.” 1 (April 1852); p. 68]

• A Detroit paper took the opportunity to praise the Casket and tweak Eastern publishers; a Buffalo paper took the opportunity to fire back: “The Detroit Tribune contains a very flatting notice of the ‘Youth’s Casket’ published in this city. The closing sentence runs thus:— [‘]There is a good time coming, Messrs. Editors, when the West will ahve an abundant supply of its own literature, and it will possess a freshness and originality that the East has not; and shall Buffalo or Detroit be the great literary Emporium?[’] We may be wrong in our opinion—but we are inclined to say with a good degree of boldness that there is very little probability that Detroit will be ‘the great literary Emporium.’ ” [Buffalo Morning Express 1 Feb 1853]

• A Buffalo newspaper was modestly pleased to find itself the answer to an enigma in the Casket: “The May number of the Youth’s Casket is now before us. … There is an enigma to be found on the last page (No. 15) in answer to which, we would make a low bow, but that we choose to await the announcement in due course next month.” [Buffalo Daily Republic 2 May 1853] The enigma appears on page 124 of the May 1853 issue; the solution appears on page 148 of the June issue.

merged with: Forrester’s Boys’ and Girls’ Magazine, Jan 1858: “[T]he Casket is making its face as like to [Forrester’s] as possible, and … most of our contents are similar this month.” [Oct 1857; p. 243] “The Casket and Forrester’s Boys’ and Girls’ Magazine are to be united the first of January 1858 ….” [Nov 1857; p. 267]

source of information: 1852-1855, 1857 vols; Jan 1856 issue; German Reformed Messenger ; OCLC; Lyon; Johannsen; Kelly

bibliography:

• notice of issue 1. The Buffalo Daily Republic [Buffalo, New York] 29 Dec 1851; p. 2. Also, The Buffalo Commercial [Buffalo, New York] 29 Dec 1851; p. 2.

• “The Youth’s Casket.” The Buffalo Morning Express [Buffalo, New York] 31 Dec 1851; p. 2.

• “The Youth’s Casket.” The Advocate [Buffalo, New York] 1 Jan 1852; p. 2.

• advertisement. The Advocate [Buffalo, New York] 1 Jan 1852; p. 3.

• “Literary Notices.” The Advocate [Buffalo, New York] 29 Jan 1852; p. 2.

• “Home Matters: The Youth’s Casket.” The Buffalo Commercial [Buffalo, New York] 28 Feb 1852; p. 2.

• notice of April issue. The Advocate [Buffalo, New York] 1 April 1852; p. 2.

• “Home Matters.” The Buffalo Commercial [Buffalo, New York] 30 April 1852; p. 2.

• “New Publications.” Buffalo Morning Express and Illustrated Buffalo Express [Buffalo, New York] 1 May 1852; p. 2.

• “Home Matters: Youth’s Casket.” The Buffalo Commercial [Buffalo, New York] 2 Aug 1852; p. 2.

• notice of October issue. The Buffalo Daily Republic [Buffalo, New York] 5 Oct 1852; p. 3.

• notice. The Advocate [Buffalo, New York] 14 Oct 1852; p. 2.

• notice of October issue. Young Hickory [Buffalo, New York] 14 Oct 1852; p. 3.

• “Youth’s Casket.” Buffalo Courier [Buffalo, New York] 25 Nov 1852; p. 2.

• “Youth’s Casket.” Buffalo Morning Express and Illustrated Buffalo Express [Buffalo, New York] 27 Nov 1852; p. 3.

• “Youth’s Casket.” The Advocate [Buffalo, New York] 2 Dec 1852; p. 2.

• advertisement. The Advocate [Buffalo, New York] 2 Dec 1852; p. 3.

• notice of Jan issue. The Buffalo Daily Republic [Buffalo, New York] 9 Dec 1852; p. 3.

• “Local, Literary and Miscellaneous.” Buffalo Morning Express and Illustrated Buffalo Express [Buffalo, New York] 9 Dec 1852; p. 3.

• The bound volume of the Youths’ Casket. The Advocate [Buffalo, New York] 13 Jan 1853; p. 2.

• “Local, Literary and Miscellaneous.” Buffalo Morning Express and Illustrated Buffalo Express [Buffalo, New York] 1 Feb 1853; p. 3.

• “Youth’s Casket.” Buffalo Courier [Buffalo, New York] 3 Feb 1853; p. 2.

• notice of March issue. Buffalo Morning Express and Illustrated Buffalo Express [Buffalo, New York] 3 March 1853; p. 3.

• “Youth’s Casket.crd Buffalo Courier [Buffalo, New York] 4 March 1853; p. 2.

• notice of new editor. The Buffalo Daily Republic [Buffalo, New York] 2 April 1853; p. 3.

• notice of April issue. Buffalo Morning Express and Illustrated Buffalo Express [Buffalo, New York] 2 April 1853; p. 3.

• notice. Vermont Watchman and State Journal [Montpelier, Vermont] 14 April 1853; p. 2.

• The May number. The Buffalo Daily Republic [Buffalo, New York] 2 May 1853; p. 2.

• The Youth’s Casket for May. Buffalo Morning Express and Illustrated Buffalo Express [Buffalo, New York] 2 May 1853; p. 3.

• “Youth’s Casket.” The Buffalo Daily Republic [Buffalo, New York] 6 June 1853; p. 3.

• notice of July issue. Buffalo Morning Express and Illustrated Buffalo Express [Buffalo, New York] 15 July 1853; p. 3.

• notice of Aug issue. The Advocate [Buffalo, New York] 11 Aug 1853; p. 2.

• notice. Western Literary Cabinet 9 (Nov 1853); p. 160.

• notice of Dec issue. The Advocate [Buffalo, New York] 8 Dec 1853; p. 3.

• notice of Jan issue. The Advocate [Buffalo, New York] 15 Dec 1853; p. 2.

• notice of Feb issue. Buffalo Morning Express and Illustrated Buffalo Express [Buffalo, New York] 3 Feb 1854; p. 3.

• notice of March issue. Buffalo Courier [Buffalo, New York] 25 Feb 1854; p. 2.

• notice of March issue. Buffalo Morning Express and Illustrated Buffalo Express [Buffalo, New York] 27 Feb 1854; p. 3.

• Notice of April and May issues. The Buffalo Daily Republic [Buffalo, New York] 2 May 1854; p. 3.

• notice. Michigan Journal of Education and Teachers’ Magazine 1 (July 1854); p. 240.

• notice of Aug issue. The Buffalo Daily Republic [Buffalo, New York] 1 Aug 1854; p. 3.

• We have received from Hawks. The Buffalo Daily Republic [Buffalo, New York] 24 Nov 1854; p. 3.

• notice of Jan issue. The Buffalo Daily Republic [Buffalo, New York] 11 Dec 1854; p. 3.

• “Youth’s Casket.” The Portage Sentinel [Ravenna, Ohio] 13 Dec 1854; p. 2.

• notice. Watertown Chronicle [Watertown, Wisconsin] 13 Dec 1854; p. 2.

• notice of Jan issue. Democrat and Sentinel [Ebensburg, Pennsylvania] 14 Dec 1854; p. 2.

• notice. German Reformed Messenger 20 (20 Dec 1854); p. 4214.

• The Youth’s Casket. The Hillsdale Standard [Hillsdale, Michigan] 26 Dec 1854; p. 2.

• Franklin B. Hough. “Newspapers and Other Periodicals Published in New-York in 1855,” in Census of the State of New-York, for 1855. Albany, New York: Charles Van Benthuysen, 1857; pp. 482-483.

• “Youth’s Casket.” Carroll Free Press [Carrollton, Ohio] 15 Feb 1855; p. 3.

• “Youth’s Casket.” The Buffalo Commercial [Buffalo, New York] 2 March 1855; p. 2.

• notice of May issue. The Buffalo Commercial [Buffalo, New York] 27 April 1855; p. 2.

• notice of June issue. Buffalo Morning Express and Illustrated Buffalo Express [Buffalo, New York] 28 May 1855; p. 3.

• notice of June issue. Carroll Free Press [Carrollton, Ohio] 14 June 1855; p. 3.

• “Corporation Proceedings.” The Buffalo Daily Republic [Buffalo, New York] 21 Aug 1855; p. 2. And The Buffalo Daily Republic [Buffalo, New York] 28 Aug 1855; p. 2.

• notice of Sept issue. Carroll Free Press [Carrollton, Ohio] 13 Sept 1855; p. 3.

• “The Home.” Buffalo Courier [Buffalo, New York] 24 Nov 1855; p. 2.

• notice of Dec issue. Carroll Free Press [Carrollton, Ohio] 29 Nov 1855; p. 3.

• notice of Feb issue. Carroll Free Press [Carrollton, Ohio] 21 Feb 1856; p. 3.

• notice of March issue. Buffalo Evening Post [Buffalo, New York] 7 March 1856; p. 2.

• notice of March issue. Carroll Free Press [Carrollton, Ohio] 13 March 1856; p. 3.

• notice of April issue. The Buffalo Commercial [Buffalo, New York] 29 March 1856; p. 2.

• notice of April issue. Buffalo Evening Post [Buffalo, New York] 31 March 1856; p. 2.

• notice of May issue. The Buffalo Commercial [Buffalo, New York] 29 April 1856; p. 3.

• notice of May issue. Buffalo Evening Post [Buffalo, New York] 30 April 1856; p. 2.

• “Youth’s Casket Festival.” The Buffalo Daily Republic [Buffalo, New York] 25 June 1856; p. 3. And, “Boys and Girls of Buffalo.” Buffalo Morning Express and Illustrated Buffalo Express [Buffalo, New York] 27 June 1856; p. 3.

• “Reading for Youth.” Carroll Free Press [Carrollton, Ohio] 17 July 1856; p. 3.

• “Youth’s Reading!” Carroll Free Press [Carrollton, Ohio] 21 Aug 1856; p. 3.

• notice. Carroll Free Press [Carrollton, Ohio] 2 Oct 1856; p. 3.

• advertisement. Prisoner’s Friend 9 (1 Nov 1856); p. 86.

• notice of Feb issue. Buffalo Morning Express and Illustrated Buffalo Express [Buffalo, New York] 7 Feb 1857; p. 3.

• advertisement. Reedsburg Herald [Reedsburg, Wisconsin] 12 March 1857; p. 2. Also, Wood County Reporter [Grand Rapids, Wisconsin] 17 Feb 1858; p. 4.

• “The Youth’s Casket.” Vernon County Censor [Viroqua, Wisconsin] 18 April 1857; p. 2.

• “The Home.” Reedsburg Herald [Reedsburg, Wisconsin] 11 June 1857; p. 2.

• “The Home.” The Buffalo Daily Republic [Buffalo, New York] 25 July 1857; p. 3.

• notice of Aug issue. Reedsburg Herald [Reedsburg, Wisconsin] 6 Aug 1857; p. 2.

• Daniel J. Kenny, comp. The American Newspaper Directory. New York: Watson & Co., 1861; p. 42. [google books] [source evidently based on outdated information: listed here only for completeness]

• “Personal.” Rutland Weekly Herald [Rutland, Vermont] 4 April 1872; p. 6.

• Frank H. Severance. “Bibliography: The Periodical Press in Buffalo, 1811-1915,” Buffalo Historical Society Publications 19 (1915); pp. 177-312.

• Betty Longenecker Lyon. “A History of Children’s Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899.” PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 143, 202, 209-213.

• Albert Johannsen. The House of Beadle and Adams. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1950; vol 1, pp. 414-418.

• Children’s Periodicals of the United States, ed. R. Gordon Kelly. Westport, Connecticut & London, England: Greenwood Press, 1984.

cover/masthead: Nov 1852-1854

edited by: A. R. Phippen, Feb 1852-1853

published: New York, New York: George Savage, Feb 1852-Jan 1854; 1852, Savage at 22 John St.; later, Savage at 58 Fulton St.

• Boston, Massachusetts: Morris Cotton & Co., Dec 1852-Aug 1854; Cotton at 120 Washington St.

• New York, New York: A. R. Phippen, Feb? 1854-1855?; publisher at 68 Fulton St., 1854; publisher at 66 Fulton St., 1855

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: Feb-Oct 1852, 32 pp.; page size, 9.5″ h x 6″ w

• 1855, 32 pp.

• Prices: 1 copy, $1/ year, in advance; 6 copies, $5/ year; 12 copies, $9/ year; 10¢/ copy

• Vol 1, 9 issues (Feb-Oct 1852); vol 2-4, 12 issues each (Nov-Oct)

relevant quotes:

• The cover changed between volume 1 and 2: “On the 1st of November we shall visit our friends in an entirely new dress, and with several new and interesting features.” [1 (Sept 1852); p. 251] The new cover was intended to express the subjects explored in the Schoolmate: “As the winter months draw near, the season of gloom without, it is a good plan to make every thing bright and cheerful within, and it is partly for this reason that we present the Schoolmate, to our friends this month in a new and more beautiful dress, that it may be still more entertaining as a fireside companion and schoolroom friend. How do you like the new cover?—by studying it carefully you will see that it is a complete picture of all the objects for which this work is intended.” [“The Teacher’s Desk.” 2 (Nov 1852); p. 31]

• A. R. Phippen may have taken over as publisher in Feb 1854: “The editor of the Schoolmate having taken the office formerly occupied by George Savage, will, in future, give strict attention to editing and publishing the magazine. The delay which has been so troublesome in some of the late numbers, will be avoided, and our subscribers will have their magazines mailed to them by, at least, the first of each month.” [Schoolmate. 3 (Jan 1854); p. 92] The Jan 1854 issue lists George Savage as the New York publisher.

merged with: The Student (Nov 1848-Oct 1855); to form The Student and Schoolmate ; Nov 1855-1872

source of information: 1852-1853 vols; 1852-1854 scattered issues; Lyon; Kelly

available: AASHistPer, series 3 & 4

• excerpts online

bibliography:

• “The Schoolmate.” Brooklyn Evening Star [Brooklyn, New York] 24 Jan 1852; p. 2.

• notice. Albany Evening Journal [Albany, New York] 17 Feb 1852; p. 2.

• notice. Middlebury Register [Middlebury, Vermont] 18 Feb 1852; p. 2.

• “The Schoolmate, Vol. I. No. 1.” The Brattleboro’ Eagle [Brattleboro, Vermont] 19 Feb 1852; p. 3.

• “The Schoolmate.” The Buffalo Commercial [Buffalo, New York] 8 March 1852; p. 2.

• “Editor’s Table.” Maine Farmer 20 (11 March 1852); p. 2.

• “The Schoolmate.” The Biblical Recorder [Raleigh, North Carolina] 19 March 1852; p. 2.

• notice of April issue. New-York Tribune [New York, New York] 13 April 1852; p. 7.

• notice of April issue. Semi-Weekly Standard [Raleigh, North Carolina] 24 April 1852; p. 2.

• “Periodicals.” The Ladies’ Repository 12 (May 1852); p. 198.

• notice of April issue. The Biblical Recorder [Raleigh, North Carolina] 14 May 1852; p. 2.

• “The Schoolmate.” Anti-Slavery Bugle [Lisbon, Ohio] 29 May 1852; p. 2.

• notice. Spirit of the Times 22 (26 June 1852); p. 228.

• notice. The Youth’s Casket 1 (Nov 1852); p. 180. online

• “The Schoolmate.” Anti-Slavery Bugle 18 Dec 1852; p. 3.

• “The Schoolmate.” Vermont Christian Messenger [Montpelier, Vermont] 12 Jan 1853; p. 2.

• “The Schoolmate.” Vermont Christian Messenger [Montpelier, Vermont] 6 April 1853; p. 2.

• “Literary Notices.” The Burlington Courier [Burlington, Vermont] 23 June 1853; p. 3.

• “The Best and Cheapest Juvenile Magazine Ever Published.” The National Era [Washington, District of Columbia] 7 July 1853; p. 4.

• advertisement. The Huntress 16 (7 Jan 1854); p. 4.

• Franklin B. Hough. “Newspapers and Other Periodicals Published in New-York in 1855,” in Census of the State of New-York, for 1855. Albany, New York: Charles Van Benthuysen, 1857; pp. 490-491.

• advertisement. Evening Star [Washington, District of Columbia] 9 Jan 1855; p. 2.

• “The Schoolmate, August & September.” Vermont Christian Messenger [Montpelier, Vermont] 3 Oct 1855; p. 2.

• Betty Longenecker Lyon. “A History of Children’s Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899.” PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 143, 154, 226.

• Children’s Periodicals of the United States, ed. R. Gordon Kelly. Westport, Connecticut & London, England: Greenwood Press, 1984.

cover/masthead: 1852

edited by: Daniel H. Jacques (“Uncle Daniel”)

published: New York, New York: Thaddeus Hyatt, Daniel H. Jacques, April-Sept 1852; publisher at 97 Cliff St.

frequency: monthly

description: 32 pp.; page size, 9.5″ h; price, $1/ year • Lyon states that the last issue was Oct 1852.

relevant quotes:

• The prospectus promised much: “Translations from French and German Story-books; Selections from English Juvenile Publications, not elsewhere reprinted in this country; Stories from History and mythology; Sketches of Travel and Adventure in Foreign Counties; Conversations on Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, Physiology, Natural History, and Botany; Tales, Poetry, Games, Riddles, Charades, Enigmas, Conundrums, &c.” [1 (April 1852): back cover (cover page 4)]

• The editor anthropomorphized the magazine in order to point out its wide variety of subjects: “This is our Favorite. He wishes to make your acquaintance. He desires to be useful to you, to amuse and instruct you; to be your Favorite as well as ours! … He will tell you pleasant stories; relate wonderful adventures in foreign lands; describe strange animals and birds, and curious manners and customs; talk with you about philosophy, chemistry, and botany; propound riddles, enigmas, and so forth; and do many other things which I have not room to mention. It will be his aim to teach you a great many things, though he will set for you no dry, hard lessons.” [“Introduction.” 1 (April 1852); p. 31.]

• The publisher also advertised for “persons of good character and genteel address” and for “[s]everal young ladies, of pleasing address” to canvass for the magazine. [“To Canvassers”]

• On the merger with The Student: “Arrangements have been made with us to supply the subscribers to ‘The Favorite’—a monthly magazine published in this city by Messrs. Hyatt and Jacques—with The Student; that magazine having been discontinued. Hereafter they will receive The Student instead of The Favorite.” [“To the Subscribers of ’The Favorite’.” The Student. 5 (Oct 1852); p. 192]

absorbed by: The Student • The Student and Family Miscellany ; Nov 1848-Oct 1855

source of information: The Student, Oct 1852 (located in Winterthur Library, Wilmington, Delaware); AASHistPer; Maine Farmer ; Dechert; Lyon; AAS catalog

available: AASHistPer, series 3

bibliography:

• “To Canvassers.” New-York Tribune [New York, New York] 16 April 1852; p. 1.

• “Editor’s Table.” Maine Farmer 26 (24 June 1852); p. 2.

• notice. The Western Gem, and Musician. 4 (Sept 1852); p. 36. online

• Dorothy Dechert. “The Merry Family: A Study of Merry’s Museum, 1841-1872, and of the Various Periodicals that Merged with It.” Master’s thesis. Columbia University, 1942.

• Betty Longenecker Lyon. “A History of Children’s Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899.” PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 143, 225.

cover/masthead: 1852

edited by: Ross Alley

published: Olean, Indiana: Ross Alley

frequency: monthly

description: 8 pp.; price, 15¢/ year

relevant information:

• Perhaps named after The Genius of the West, a periodical for adults published by Howard Durham in Cincinnati, Ohio.

• Ross Alley wrote a few poems for The Western Gem, and Musician in 1852; the Gem’s editor, Howard Durham, published “To Love” in Genius and advertised the periodical. [The Western Gem, and Musician 5 (Dec 1852); p. 12]

• Like older publishers, Alley offered premiums, in this case for works on temperance written by young writers.

• Alley appears to have reinvented his periodical each time his family moved to a new town.

relevant quotes: Alley invited writers of all ages to submit pieces: “It will be devoted exclusively to the interests of the young; and the contents will be composed, principally, of the writings of authors who have not yet spent ‘the days of their youth.’ However, when we are offered articles of true merit, by ‘children of a larger growth’ we will in no case reject them. We have engaged the service of a host of youthful writers, whose merry carols will make our columns as musical as a summer grove when birds are warbling in their glee. Our columns will at all times, be open for the reception of articles from the pens of our young readers, as one of our objects is to encourage the young, in their endeavors to ‘become something in the world.’ ” [editorial. 1 (1 June 1852); p. 6]

• One editor offered some advice: “We have received the first number of a promising little paper from Olean, Indiana, called the “Genius of Youth,” published and edited by Ross Alley, a youth who shows an early fondness for the toil and trouble of an editor’s life. We sincerely hope that more profit will be his award than usually follow similar efforts. We will give him one piece of good advice, and that is, not to get in debt to the printer and paper maker, under the hope of being able to pay the debt from subscriptions to be received. How many hundreds—we might safely say, thousands—have been cheated in the end by this delusive hope. It is a very easy thing to calculate how much an assumed number of subscriptions will pay; but, it rarely happens that the main assumption is realized. With the best feeling in the world, we caution our young friend to be wise in this matter.” [“We have received”]

continues: The Youth’s Casket (early 1850-1852?)

continued by: The Forest Rose (1852-1853; for adults) • The Literary Messenger (1853-Sept 1854; for adults)

• The Forest Rose: 4 pp.; page size, 19″ h x 13″ wide

• The Rose was described in a notice: “The Forest Rose, edited and published by our poetical young friend, Ross Alley, has just been commenced in Olean, Ind. It is a spicy and spirited paper, in fact just a sheet as the editor’s talent would give us reason to expect. After the third of May it will be published weekly at 75 cts per annum. Its success has our best wishes and hopes.” [The Western Gem, and Musician 15 March 1853]

source of information: AASHistPer; Gem ; King-Benham; AAS catalog

available: AASHistPer, series 3

• Most of the 9 Sept 1853 issue of the Rose was reprinted in tribute to Ross Alley. [King-Benham; pp. 61-79]

bibliography:

• notice. The Western Gem, and Musician 4 (June 1852); p. 12. online

• “We have received.” From Arthur’s Home Gazette; in American Union [Morgantown, West Virginia] 17 July 1852; p. 1.

• mention. The Western Gem, and Musician 4 (Aug 1852); p. 28. online

• notice. The Youth’s Casket 1 (Nov 1852); pp. 179-180. online

• Emma King-Benham. Memorial Volume to the Boy, Pioneer-Poet-Printer Ross Alley. Terre Haute, Indiana: N.p., 1929. Printed by the Viquesney Company; pp. 35-36, 61-79.

edited by: 1852-1853, James White

• 1854, Anna White

• 1855-1857, James White

• 1858-1864, G. W. Amadon

• 1864-1867, Adelia P. Patten

• 1867-1869, G. W. Amadon

• 1869-1871, G. H. Bell

• 1871-1873, Jennie R. Trembley

published: Rochester, New York: Review & Herald Publishing Association, 1852-1855.

• Battlecreek, Michigan: Review & Herald Publishing Association, 1855-1903.

frequency: 1852-1869, monthly (Kenny lists as weekly) • 1870, semimonthly

description: Aug 1852: price, 25¢/ year

• 1855: 8 pp.; price, 25¢/ year

• 1869-1872: 8 pp.; price, 50¢

• Religious focus: Seventh-Day Adventist

source of information: Kelly; Rowell

available: AASHistPer, series 4 & 5

bibliography:

• Franklin B. Hough. “Newspapers and Other Periodicals Published in New-York in 1855,” in Census of the State of New-York, for 1855. Albany, New York: Charles Van Benthuysen, 1857; pp. 484-485.

• Daniel J. Kenny, comp. The American Newspaper Directory. New York: Watson & Co., 1861; p. 33. [google books]

• Geo. P. Rowell & Co’s American Newspaper Directory. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1869; p. 49. [archive.org]

• The Men Who Advertise. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1870; p. 670. [google books]

• Geo. P. Rowell & Co.’s American Newspaper Directory. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1872; p. 80. [archive.org]

• Children’s Periodicals of the United States, ed. R. Gordon Kelly. Westport, Connecticut & London, England: Greenwood Press, 1984.

edited by: Conrad Bär

published: Buffalo, New York: Conrad Bär.

frequency: semimonthly

description: Lutheran magazine • German-language periodical

source of information: Arndt; Fraser

bibliography:

• Karl J. R. Arndt & May E. Olson. German-American Newspapers and Periodicals: 1732-1955. Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer Publishers, 1961.

• Sybille Fraser. “German Language Children’s and Youth Periodicals in North America: A Checklist.” Phaedrus 6 (Spring 1979); pp. 27-31.

edited by: Stephen R. Smith • Walter F. Straub • Smith and Lapham

published: Cincinnati, Ohio: J. C. Richardson & Co.

frequency: monthly

description: Page size, 9.75″ h; price, 50¢/ year • Nov-Dec 1853 issue is vol 1, #11-12

• Temperance focus

relevant quote:

• One editor was as much a fan of the editors as of the Garland: “The editors, though boys, have men’s heads, and put to blush the meagre attempts of many older-headed cotemaoraries [sic].” [“The Garland” 17 June 1853]

interesting information: Stephen R. Smith was shot by an acquaintance named Jessup, who thought he’d been corresponding with a young woman, but who was actually exchanging romantic missives with Smith: “The correspondence was continued, for several weeks, and at last, a meeting was agreed upon. The lady was to pass Alf Burnett’s saloon in a carriage, and at a signal, Jessup was to hand her out. Of course, he was all impatience for the arrival of the happy moment. A number of those in the secret were present, and when to the horror of Jessup, the lady proved to be a very sooty wench; they were overjoyed at his shame and the result of their trick. Not satisfied with this, Smith had the letters published with such comments, and slight alteration of names as informed everybody who was meant.” [“Serious Result of a Hoax”] Smith appears to have survived. [The Cincinnati Chronicle says]

perhaps continues: The Cadet of Temperance (1852): “It is the successor of the Cadet of Temperance, much enlarged and improved.” [“The Garland” 28 Jan 1853] The Cadet of Temperance was published in South Carolina and thus may not be Cadet referred to.

source of information: notices, etc., below ; OCLC

available: “Having a Crack at ’Em: or, Storming an Arkansas Court House” was reprinted in The Daily Journal [Wilmington, North Carolina; 4 March 1854; p. 4].

bibliography:

• “The Garland.” The Ohio Organ of the Temperance Reform [Cincinnati, Ohio] 28 Jan 1853; p. 5.

• “The Garland.” The Ohio Organ of the Tmperance Reform [Cincinnati, Ohio] 17 June 1853; p. 5.

• notice. The Western Gem, and Musician 6 (July 1853); p. 30. online

• “Serious Result of a Hoax.” Eaton Democrat [Eaton, Ohio] 17 Aug 1854; p. 2.

• The Cincinnati Chronicle says. Hartford Courant [Hartford, Connecticut] 14 Sept 1854; p. 2.

• Betty Longenecker Lyon. “A History of Children’s Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899.” PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; p. 144.

published: Waynesville, Ohio

frequency: monthly

relevant information: perhaps the periodical founded by Howard Durham

source of information: Kelly

bibliography:

• Children’s Periodicals of the United States, ed. R. Gordon Kelly. Westport, Connecticut & London, England: Greenwood Press, 1984.

edited by: “Obadiah Oldfellow”

published: New York, New York: Benjamin Ela; Jan 1853, publisher at 116 Nassau St.; March 1853, publisher at 185 Nassau St.

• New York, New York: E. H. Fletcher; publisher at 117 Nassau St.

• Lyon describes two copies in different states: “In an undated copy at the Rare Book Room, Library of Congress, the publisher is given as Benjamin Ela of New York. A duplicate volume in the New York Public Library is dated 1854, and the publisher is given as E. H. Fletcher.” [p. 145] The undated copy published by Ela appears to be the 1853 original. The 1854 copy published by Fletcher is probably a reprint, which appears in a notice in 1854, when Fletcher was publishing a number of reprinted works, including another work by “Peter Parley”; of Parley’s Household Library and the Galaxy: “The youth who obtains one or both of these books as a holiday present, may consider himself fortunate indeed. They embrace history, biography, travles, adventures, poetry, music, moral tales, anecdotes, fables and puzzles. Illustrated with numerous and appropriate engravings, and handsomely bound, they cannot fail of being instructive and amusing, and acceptable gifts to the little folks.” [“Literary Notices”] Both works were still being reprinted in 1855. [“Valuable Books”]

frequency: monthly

description: 36 pp.; page size, 7.5″ h x 5.75″ w. Price: $1/ year

• Apparent reprint of Parley’s Magazine (16 March 1833-1844); another reprint by Fletcher appeared in 1857

• Only 6 issues?

• “End of vol. 1” is printed at the bottom of the last page of my copy of the 1854 edition; however, no later volumes have been located.

• Available as a bound volume in 1857: “The Youth’s Galaxy is a finely illustrated book for the young. It treats upon a great variety of subjects—a sort of little Encyclopedia. The price is 75 cents, and it is published by Edward H. Fletcher, 29 Ann Street, N. Y.” [Republication of Parley’s Magazine. 1 (1857); p. 10.]

relevant quotes:

• Introduction: “Now I call this new work the ’Galaxy,’ because I intend to crowd it full of all manner of bright things. I name it the ‘Youth’s Galaxy,’ because I mean to fill it with things which will be particularly bright to the eye of the young. … Ample materials are at my command; all my lifetime have I been accumulating them. I shall aim to make this publication, not in name only, but in truth, a literary and moral ‘Youth’s Galaxy.’ ” [1 (Jan? 1854); p. 8]

source of information: 1854 bound volume; New York Evangelist ; Independent ; Lyon

bibliography:

• advertisement. New York Evangelist 24 (6 Jan 1853); p. 3.

• notice. The Independent 5 (17 March 1853); p. 42.

• advertisement. The Independent 5 (17 March 1853); p. 44.

• “Literary Notices.” The Burlington Weekly Sentinel [Burlington, Vermont] 7 Dec 1854; p. 2.

• “Valuable Books, Lately Published.” Spirit of the Age [Woodstock, Vermont] 15 March 1855; p. 3.

• Betty Longenecker Lyon. “A History of Children’s Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899.” PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 144-145.

published: Chicago, Illinois: Isaac C. Smith & Co. In Andreas: Isaac C. Smith and Oliver C. Fordham

frequency: monthly

description: Price, 25¢/ year

relevant quote:

• From the prospectus: “It will be the aim of the proprietors of the Banner to furnish an interesting and instructive Youth’s Paper, adapted to the wants of families and the rising generation of the North West.—It will be strictly unsectarian in its character, calculated for Juvenile Temperance Societies, and Sabbath Schools. It will endeavor to throw around the children and youth of our country the hallowed influences of Temperance; to inculcate such moral and religious principles as will shield them from the ten thousand snares and temptations which will beset their pathway in life. Parents will find it to be an invaluable assistant in training up the young and tender minds entrusted to their care, in the paths of sobriety and usefulness.” [in “New Paper for Youth”]

• The Chicago Tribune had some criticism: “It is to be a monthly, but we deem this a mistake. For young persons, a weekly is far more desirable, as it excites an interest and has an influence which a monthly cannot have. A monthly for a child would be like an annual or bienniel issue of Harper for an adult.”

source of information: pieces listed below

available: Aurora of the Valley [Newbury, Vermont] reprinted pieces: “A Mother’s Influence” [23 March 1855; p. 1]; “Who is the Lady?” [30 March 1855; p. 1].

bibliography:

• “New Paper for Youth.” Chicago Tribune [Chicago, Illinois] 17 May 1853; p. 2.

• Anna Morgan. My Chicago. Chicago: Ralph Fletcher Seymour, 1916; p. 172. [google books]

• A. T. Andreas. History of Chicago. Chicago: A. T. Andreas, 1884. vol 1: p. 408. vol 2: 33. [google books]

• Edmund J. James and Milo J. Loveless. A Bibliography of Newspapers Published in Illinois Prior to 1860. Publications of the Illinois State Historical Library #1. Springfield, Illinois: Hillips Bros., 1899. [archive.org]

• Herbert E. Fleming. Magazines of a Market-Metropolis. PhD diss. University of Chicago, 1906; p. 405. [google books]

• Franklin William Scott. Newspapers and Periodicals of Illinois, 1814-1879. Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library, vol 6, Bibliographical Series, vol 1. Springfield, Illinois: Illinois State Historical Library, 1910; p. 67. [archive.org]

• Irving Garwood. American Periodicals from 1850 to 1860. Macomb, Illinois: Irving Garwood, 1931.

• Betty Longenecker Lyon. “A History of Children’s Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899.” PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; p. 144.

cover/masthead: 1854 | 1855 | 1858-1868

edited by: S. D. Denison & P. P. Irving: listed as Secretaries of the Foreign Committee of the Board of Missions Protestant Episcopal Church, 1854-1855

• S. D. Denison: listed as Secretary & General Agent of the Foreign Committee of the Board of Missions, Protestant Episcopal Church, 1858-1859

• S. D. Denison: listed as Local Secretary of the Foreign Committee of the Board of Missions, Protestant Episcopal Church, 1865

• W. H. Hare, 1871

published: New York, New York: Daniel Dana, jr., 1854-1859; publisher at 637 Broadway, 1854-1855; publisher at 381 Broadway, 1858-1859

• New York, New York: the Foreign Committee of the Board of Missions, Protestant Episcopal Church, 1868; publisher at 19 Bible House

frequency: monthly

description: 4 pp.; page size, 13.25″ h x 10″ w. Prices: 1 copy, 25¢/ year; 8 copies, $1/ year; 16 copies, $2/ year, $2.48 if postpaid by publisher

• Vol 1 #8 is April 1854; vol 15 #12 is Aug 1868

• Circulation: 1854, 20,000; 1867, 25,000 [Emery]

relevant information: The Dove was intended to acquaint readers with the work in foreign missions done by the church. As a result, issues include descriptions of people and places around the world, with an emphasis on their “wicked customs and practices” and their “sin and wretchedness.” [“Come Over and Help Us.” 1 (April 1854); p. 30]

• In 1868, readers were encouraged to keep a “Missionary Box” at home, in which to collect donations for missionary work; keeping the box and sending the money earned readers a certificate as a member of the “Foreign Missionary Box Association.” The Committee supplied the boxes, for a fee: “Black walnut boxes may be obtained at the Mission Rooms for fifty cents, and japanned tin ones for twenty-five cents each.” [“Conditions of Membership in the Foreign Missionary Box Association.” 15 (Aug 1868); p. 48]

• In 1858, an illegal lottery called the “Carrier Dove Lottery” was the subject of several newspaper articles in the Midwest; the con artist sent out a monthly mailing titled “The Carrier Dove.”

relevant quote:

• One reader was concerned that the Dove encouraged idolatry: “The picture of a person whom we highly esteem is an object which it is naturally pleasing to contemplate. … This is natural: and it is believed that there is nothing wrong in placing the picture of an eminent Christian before the young as an incentive to imitate his character and follow his example. But when the picture is placed before us, and we are asked, when we look at it, to pray to God for the person it represents, there is danger in such a suggestion; and, if heedlessly followed by the young or by the ignorant, might lead us to that ‘worshipping and adoration, as well of images as of relics, and also invocation of Saints,’ which the Church condemns. These remarks have been suggested by the following extract from the Carrier Dove for May, an interesting little periodical, … a copy of which has been sent to me. If I am in error in thinking the following recomendations to the young are dangerous in their tendency, I shall be glad to know it: ‘When you look at the picture,’ (a full length representation of Tong Chu-kiung,) ‘we want you to do three things: ‘1st. To pray to God for Mr. Tong, &c. ‘2d. That God will bless the labours [sic] of our dear missionaries &c. ‘3d. That God will help you to imitate the conduct of Mr. Tong, &c. ‘Little children, keep yourselves from idols.’ ” [P. S. Letter to the editor] The piece in question is “Tong Chu-Kiung” [1 (May 1854); pp. 35-36], which accompanies an engraving of a young Chinese man with a description of him and details of his religious conversion; he explains that his parents “were idolators” who “never took me to a Christian temple, to worship the true God, but to the evil temples, to worship the images made of stocks and stones. … So you see that I was an idolator, and in my own person have worshipped the idols; but blessed be God, I am a different person now.” [p. 36] The third request in the Dove is that “God will help you to imitate the conduct of Mr. Tong, and give you grace to become a Missionary.” however, the Dove reminds readers, “[i]t is a blessed privilege to teach or preach to the heathen; but God does not give it to every one”; it is more important to “really desire the conversion of your own heart to God.” The rest of the piece emphasizes the importance of devoting “your warm, young, earnest heart, to the Saviour.” The words “Little children, keep yourselves from idols” don’t appear in the article.

absorbed by: The Young Christian Soldier • The Young Christian Soldier and Children’s Guest • The Young Christian Soldier (Dec 1867-Dec 1911)

source of information: AASHistPer, series 4; 1868 issue; Emery; Keely; notices, etc., below

available: AASHistPer, series 4

• Stories and poems from the Dove were reprinted in various papers: “The Spirit’s Home, or King Weir’s Grave” (about the grave of an African king), in The African Repository [31 (Dec 1855); pp. 371-372]; “Children’s Praises,” in The Boston Recorder [Boston, Massachusetts; 30 Aug 1860; p. 140]; “The Little Burmese,” in The Vermont Chronicle [Windsor, Vermont; 14 April 1863; p. 1; part of text is missing]; “The Thunder Storm,” Farmer’s Cabinet [Amherst, New Hampshire; 25 June 1863; p. 1]; “The River Ganges,” in Youth’s Companion [37 (10 Sept 1863); p. 146]; “Worth Better Than Show,” in The Pittsfield Sun [Pittsfield, Massachusetts; 26 Sept 1867; p. 1]

bibliography:

• P. S. Letter to the editor. The Churchman [New York, New York] 3 June 1854; p. 1.

• Franklin B. Hough. “Newspapers and Other Periodicals Published in New-York in 1855,” in Census of the State of New-York, for 1855. Albany, New York: Charles Van Benthuysen, 1857; pp. 488-489.

• Franklin B. Hough. “Newspapers and Other Periodicals,” in Census of the State of New York, for 1865. Albany, New York: Charles Van Benthuysen & Sons, 1867; pp. 590-591.

• “The Carrier Dove.” Spirit of Missions (May 1870); pp. 313-314.

• “Book Notices, &c.” Southern Planter and Farmer 5 (June 1871); p. 376.

• Julia C. Emery. A Century of Endeavor, 1821-1921. New York, New York: The Department of Missions, 1921; pp. 170, 193, 361, 363, 365, 367, 386. [archive.org]

• Karen A. Keely. “ ‘Let the children have their part’: ‘The Young Christian Soldier” and the Domestic Missionary Army.” Anglican and Episcopal History 79 (Sept 2010); pp. 200-237.

cover/masthead: 1853 | 1854-1855 | 1861-1866 | 1867-April 1869

edited by: Sarah J. Lippincott (“Grace Greenwood”)

published: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Leander K. Lippincott; 1861, publisher at 319 Walnut St.

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: Oct 1853 is vol 1 #1; Jan 1854 also vol 1 #1 (see “relevant information”)

• 1853-1856: 8 pp.; quarto; page size, 12.75″ h x 9″ w; price, 50¢/ year.

• 1857: 12 pp.; page size, 9.5″ h x 6″ w

• 1858, 1861-65: 14 pp.; page size, 9.5″ h x 6.25″ w. Prices: 1 copy, 50¢/ year; 5 copies, $2/ year; 14 copies, $5/ year

• 1866: 14 pp.; page size, 9.5″ h x 6.25″ w. Prices: 1 copy, 50¢/ year; 5 copies, $2.75/ year; 9 copies, $5/ year; 14 copies, $7/ year; 19 copies, $9/ year; 50 copies, $22/ year

• 1868-April 1869: 32 pp.; page size, 7″ h x 5.25″ w untrimmed. Prices: single copy, 7¢; 1 copy, 75¢/year; 5 copies, $3.50/ year; 9 copies, $6.50/ year; 19 copies, $12/ year; 50 copies, $28/ year

• Circulation: Jan 1854, 5,000; June 1854, 7,000

• One advertisement declares that the Pilgrim “is designed for girls of 12 to 16, boys of minor years and young people generally.” [Grant County Herald]

relevant information: Though the Pilgrim began in Oct 1853, the Lippincotts preferred to begin each volume with the Jan issue; thus, both the Oct 1853 and Jan 1854 issues are marked “Vol. I No. 1.” The last few issues for 1854 reminded those who had subscribed in Oct-Dec 1853 that not only was it time to renew, but that since their new subscription would begin with the issue for Jan 1855, they needed to include extra money for the Oct-Dec 1854 issues. Thus a subscriber renewing in Oct 1854 should send money for 15 issues (62¢, instead of 50¢); a renewal in Nov 1854 should be for 14 issues, etc.

• The idealized farm family described by Anne Hope in “A Morning Peep Into Farmer Brown’s Kitchen” reads several periodicals, including the Pilgrim.

relevant quotes:

• From the prospectus: “It is not our intention to discuss profound religious doctrines or political problems with our young readers. But while we urge upon them no peculiar sectarian views, our aim shall always be to inculcate a high religious morality. ‘Whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely,’ we shall heartily advocate; and ever strive to present, in fair attractive forms, the divine truths contained in that blessed epitome of Faith, Freedom, Love, Temperance and Peace—Christ’s Semon on the Mount. It will be our object not only to adapt our paper to the tastes and comprehension of children, but to render it pleasant reading for parents and teachers.” [1 (Nov 1853); p. 16]

• The complexities of 19th-century American currency is clear from instructions for subscribers: “ ‘The Little Pilgrim’ makes his visits for so small a charge, that it necessary for him to economise in every direction. In view of this, he begs that, as far as possible all subscriptions under five dollars, may be forwarded in gold dollars, and larger amounts in Philadelphia, Eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey or New York City Bank notes. By keeping this in mind, his friends can, with little trouble and no expense to themselves, save ‘The Little Pilgrim’ a good many dollars in the course of a year, which he must otherwise lose in the heavy discount to which notes of distant sections of the country are subject in Philadelphia.” [“A Few Suggestions to Our Friends Great and Small.” 1 (Oct 1853); p. 5.]

• The Pilgrim’s antecedent was made clear to subscribers to The National Era: “In size and general character, this publication will resemble Mrs. Margaret L. Bailey’s lately discontinued Friend of Youth, the place of which it is designed to take.” [advertisement. The National Era 8 Sept 1853]

• The connection between periodicals puzzled at least one editor, however: “It is said to be a continuation of the Friend of Youth, lately published in Washington by Mrs. Bailey; but we can’t quite see how that is, when it has another name, another place of publication, and another editor.” [“The Little Pilgrim.” The National Era 3 Nov 1853] That the Pilgrim began a year after the Friend ended probably didn’t help.

• Subscribers to Friend of Youth with issues remaining on the subscription were sent the Pilgrim in its place: “Since our last issue [Jan 1854], we have received from Dr. Bailey a list of the names of those subscribers to whom The Friend of Youth was indebted when its publication was discontinued, with pay for the same; and we shall furnish The Little Pilgrim to all of them to the full extent of their respective payments. To some half dozen or more, only five copies were due; the claims of these will cease with this number, and unless their subscriptions are renewed before our next issue their names will be dropped from our books.” [“The Friend of Youth.” 1 (Feb 1854); p. 14]

• From the beginning, something about the Pilgrim made puns and wordplay impossible for editors to resist. The personal lives of Clarke and her family came in for attempts at cleverness: “We have received the initial number of a pleasant juvenile publication from Philadelphia, edited by Grace Greenwood, and entitled the Little Pilgrim—at 50 cents per annum,” the Louisville Daily Courier announced. “This is perhaps an instance of coming events casting their shadows before, as Grace is soon to be married to L. V. Lippincott, and then we can look out for a troop of little pilgrims.” [20 Oct 1853] When Clarke’s brother ran for Congress in 1854, an editor claimed that “ ‘Little Pilgrim’ would never reach Washington.” (He won.) [Mr. Clark] Clarke’s marriage to Leander Lippincott led to some playful speculation that “she will publish in the course of a few months, a ‘Little Pilgrim’ who will who will make a noise in the world as soon as issued. We imagine it will be bound in muslin, and set in small caps.” [Grace Greenwood has commenced] The impending birth of Lippincott’s daughter in autumn 1855 was hinted at by newspapers which announced that “Grace Greenwood is about to issue an entire new edition of ‘Little Pilgrim,’ bound in—linen” [Evening Star], with another paper claiming that “[w]e trust that it may no[t] only be well bound and pressed in linen, but that, unlike some of her productions, it may be bound for a happy immortality.” [“On Dit”]

• The Pilgrim itself was anthropomorphized almost beyond bearing. “[T]he Little Pilgrim has come,” said the Anti-Slavery Bugle, “and a comly [sic] looking lad he is, with his pockets full of good things, all for you. … Did you expect to see him with such a full bright rosy face. We like his appearance—pilgrims too often wear a sad gloomy face, but we trust that our Pilgrim’s good mother Grace Greenwood who is said to have an affectionate regard for juvenil[e]s, will long very long [sic] preserve his youth and sprightliness.” [22 Oct 1853] The Richmond Enquirer has Clarke sending “her Little Pilgrim to try his fortunes in the bleak world, and knock at doors which might not let him in,” though many “stretched forth a willing hand to drop some gem of fancy in his pack.” [9 Jan 1855] In 1856, the Enquirer has the magazine putting on “fresh sandals” and taking up “a strong staff” and starting “on his travels for a third year. … Give him welcome, young and old! Let your doors fly wide open to receive him!” [29 Jan 1856] Having missed an issue, the Burlington Weekly Sentinel effusively greeted the issue for Aug 1858: “Walk in! Right glad are we to greet you. … Did you forget to call as you passed along? Never mind, we have you now! Sit down!” [13 Aug 1858] Taking its cue from the image of the young pilgrim on the magazine’s cover, the Lewisburg Chronicle enthused, “Here comes the ‘Little Pilgrim,’ with his raiment flying in the breeze, his long staff, and a smile playing over his chubby little countenance.” [11 Jan 1867] When the Pilgrim merged with The Little Corporal, the Richmond Weekly Palladium announced it in military terms: “The Pilgrim has been published as a children’s magazine for over fifteen years, … but will now stop ‘pilgrimaging’ on his own account, and hereafter be an ‘aide’ to the conquering Western Napoleon, The Little Corporal.” [25 May 1869] By contrast, the Wisconsin State Journal got positively matrimonial: “The gallant ‘Corporal’ has been making advances to the ‘Little Pilgrim,’ of Philadelphia. The ‘Pilgrim’ will be remembered as a fifteen-year-old literary child of Grace Greenwood. As might be expected, the ‘Little Pilgrim’ could not resist the ‘Corporal’s’ fascinations, and consequently they are married and keep house in Chicago, with the name of the ‘Little Corporal’ on their door-plate.” [5 June 1869]

• A not-entirely unbiased newspaper greeted the first issue of the Pilgrim with a paean to the value of newspapers for children: “There is probably no kind of reading which is better calculated to awaken the intelligence of children than that which is to be found in a well-regulated newspaper. It gives them habits of daily observation, informs them of the importance of the facts transpiring around them, and gives a sensible and practical habit of looking at the various questions of the day as they arise. The minds of children trained in this way will always be well informed, and their judgments will generally be correct. Miss Greenwood, we beg pardon of the lady for having forgotten her married name, has therefore an important task before her, and judging from the number she presents of her literary labors, she will fulfil her duty conscientiously and usefully.” [Public Ledger 27 Oct 1853]

• In 1854, the first picture of the Pilgrim appeared on the masthead; the illustration was by F. O. C. Darley: “Are you not all charmed and delighted, dear readers, with our new heading? Was there ever in the world, think you, so comely a little pilgrim as Mr. Darley has sketched for us? We are sure you cannot refuse to greet, with a most hearty welcome, this little stranger. The freshness and youth of his round, sunny face, must win quick responses from the freshness and youth of your generous hearts; and his sweet, wondering eyes draw tender, loving looks from yours—especially yours, ye little maidens. Is he not beautiful to behold?” [1 (Jan 1854); p. 4]

• A supplement was sent with the Feb 1854 issue “to all who did not begin at the first beginning. It makes a full sized extra number and contains the first three European sketches, the ‘Salutatory,’ poem, and other articles. All who did not get the October number are entitled to a copy ….” [1 (Feb 1854); p. 12]

• The format was changed in Jan 1857 because the tall page size was difficult to store: “In the old style, it was found that our paper was too long to fit on the book-shelves, and too thin to be bound more than once in two years. It now contains sixteen pages about a third less in size than the old ones. Three of these pages we shall devote, usually, to select advertisements—to pay for the considerable additional expense which this change has involved, and one to the beautiful (we are sure you will all think it so) new arrangement of The Little Pilgrim‘s picture in a title-page—leaving twelve large octavo pages of reading matter; which is about equal to the amount contained in the old form, and more than is contained in many of the dollar magazines.” [“Our New Shape.” 4 (Jan 1857); p. 8.]

• The Enterprise and Vermonter became poetic about the the Pilgrim’s influence: “It will learn your boys kindness of heart in lessons of winning sweetness, and your daughters humility and the folly of pride and vain show as contrasted wth the fadeless excellence of sterling truth.” [15 Oct 1858]

• One editor reading the magazine became nostalgic: “[I]ts perusal carries us far back on memory’s road to those little days when we watched the post so eagerly for the appearance of our old childhood’s friend, ‘Peter Parley.’ ” [Star of the North]

• One notice poured out statistics: “One volume of the Little Pilgrim costs sixty cents. It contains FOUR TIMES AS MUCH reading matter as there is in a seventy-five cent book; TEN TIMES AS MUCH variety; TWICE AS MANY pictures, and the pleasure and novelty of its possession is renewed every month for a whole year; whereas the book is read through in a few hours, or days at most, and its novelty gone.” [Weekly Republican 14 Dec 1865]

• The coming merger with The Little Corporal was announced on the inside front cover (cover page 2) of the April 1869 issue: “This will be the last number issued of ‘The Little Pilgrim’ as a distinctive magazine. Henceforth it will be incorporated with ‘The Little Corporal,’ published at Chicago by Alfred L. Sewell & Co. … Our friends are not to think ‘The Little Pilgrim’ is dead; he has only become a sort of Siamese-twin to ‘The Little Corporal,’ hand in hand with whom, we trust, he will make his monthly rounds for many a year to come, bringing pleasure and profit to such an army of girls and boys as was never before enlisted under one banner. His mother’s hand and brain will still guide him on his way, so that he will not lose his identity in that of his larger brother; Grace Greenwood will be a constant contributor. In thanking our friends for the patronage they have bestowed upon ‘The Little Pilgrim’ through so many years, we ask that it may be continued under this new association, believing that they will not only lose nothing by the change, but gain much. We believe ‘The Little Corporal’ has already the largest circulation of any juvenile magazine in the world. It has our best wishes that, with ‘The Little Pilgrim’s’ aid, it may increase and multiply three fold.” [“Notice.” 16 (April 1869); inside front cover (cover page 2)] Though mention of the Pilgrim and its mascot eventually vanished from the Corporal, the Corporal’s cover for several months included the mascot, and the magazine’s puzzle column was renamed “The Little Pilgrim’s Knapsack.”

• Announcing the merger in June 1869, the Corporal printed a “goodbye letter” by Sarah Lippincott, dated 23 April 1869: “My dear Little Pilgrim: It is with sorrow, though with hope, that I let you go out of your old home, and from parental care, to your newer and grander field of duty, at the west. … We comfort ourselves, your father [Leander Lippincott] and I, with the assurance that an honorable career is before you, as the Aide of that victorious young General of Juveniles, still known, like the great Napoleon, under his first familiar title of ‘The Little Corporal.’ ” [Little Corporal, 8 (June 1869); p. 91]

• “Subscribers to The Little Pilgrim will be supplied with numbers of The Little Corporal instead of The Pilgrim until the end of the time for which they have paid.” [Little Corporal 8 (June 1869); p. 92]

• That The Little Pilgrim was no more seems to have eluded editors and advertisers for several months. In March 1870, the Luzerne Union declared that The Bright Side “promises to become, if it is not already so, a formidable competitor to the Little Pilgrim.” [30 March 1870] In June 1870, Sara Lippincott had to remind the editor of the St. Johnsbury Times that she no longer edited the magazine (and that she was 10 years younger than he thought she was). [“A Correction”] The Sun [Talladega, Alabama] sporadically advertised the Pilgrim into July 1871. A dealer in Richmond, Virginia, included it in a long list of available periodicals into April 1872.

unusual information: Lippincott was given a more colorful reputation than she may have desired when a performer calling herself “Grace Greenwood” horsewhipped a colleague for insulting her: “The enraged lady purchased one of those necessary implements of female warfare, viz: a cowhide of lengthy proportions and commenced a search for the gentleman. She came across him and commenced applying the cowhide to his back, when he jerked the same from her. She immediately drew her knife and made a ferocious attack with that weapon upon him. He finally succeeded in wresting the knife from her, but not before he had received a number of cuts, one of which was considered dangerous at the time.” [“Unprofessional Conduct”] The Times-Picayune was amused to find that some papers confused the actress with the author: “The histrionic lady who, taking offence at something the stage manager did or said to or about her, a short time since, at Alexandria, on the Red River, horsewhipped him, and threatened something more condign, called herself, in the bills, ‘Grace Greenwood.’ This coming to the ears and eyes of the New York and Philadelphia editors, was set down as meaning Miss Sarah [sic] J. Clarke, … the lady who first assumed that nom de plume. And the result is a formal and indignant denial, on the part of her friends, of ‘an imputation so entirely false and so grossly derogatory to one of the best and purest of her sex.’ ” [“Two Grace Greenwoods”]

continued: Friend of Youth ; 1849-Oct 1852

absorbed by: The Little Corporal ; July 1865-April 1875

source of information: 1854-1869, scattered issues & volumes; The Little Corporal, June 1869; notices, etc., below; Lyon

available: AASHistPer, series 4 & 5

• microfilm: Nineteenth-Century Children’s Periodicals. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1979.

• excerpts in Lessons of War: The Civil War in Children’s Magazines, ed. James Marten. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources, 1998.

bibliography:

• “Miscellaneous Items.” New England Farmer [Boston, Massachusetts] 3 Sept 1853; p. 3.

• Grace Greenwood’s new juvenile paper. Bangor Daily Whig and Courier [Bangor, Maine] 7 Sept 1853; p. 2.

• advertisement. The National Era 7 (8 Sept 1853); p. 143.

• “Grace Greenwood.” Wisconsin State Journal [Madison, Wisconsin] 13 Sept 1853; p. 2.

• “Grace Greenwood’s Little Pilgrim.” The Louisville Daily Courier [Louisville, Kentucky] 20 Oct 1853; p. 3.

• “The Little Pilgrim.” Anti-Slavery Bugle [Lisbon, Ohio] 22 Oct 1853; p. 3.

• “The Little Pilgrim.” The Shippensburg News [Shippensburg, Pennsylvania] 22 Oct 1853; p. 2.

• marriage announcement. The National Era [Washington, District of Columbia] 27 Oct 1853; p. 3.

• Grace Greenwood has brought. Public Ledger [Philadelphia, Pennsylvania] 27 Oct 1853; p. 2.

• The Little Pilgrim. The Burlington Weekly Sentinel [Burlington, Vermont] 27 Oct 1853; p. 2.

• “New Publications.” The Liberator [Boston, Massachusetts] 28 Oct 1853; p. 3.

• notice. Western Literary Cabinet 9 (Nov 1853); p. 159.

• “The Little Pilgrim.” The National Era 7 (3 Nov 1853); p. 174.

• Grace Greenwood has commenced. The Rock Island Weekly Argus [Rock Island, Illinois] 9 Nov 1853; p. 2.

• Miss Sara J. Clark. Democratic Banner [Davenport, Iowa] 11 Nov 1853; p. 2.

• “The Little Pilgrim.” The Louisville Daily Courier [Louisville, Kentucky] 17 Nov 1853; p. 2.

• “The Little Pilgrim.” Graham’s American Monthly Magazine 43 (Dec 1853); p. 653.

• notice. The Knickerbocker 42 (Dec 1853); p. 654-655.

• notice. Michigan Farmer 11 (1 Dec 1853); p. 369.

• “The Little Pilgrim.” The National Era [Washington, District of Columbia] 22 Dec 1853; p. 3.

• notice. Godey’s Lady’s Book Jan 1854; p. 80.

• “Grace Greenwood.” American Phrenological Journal 19 (Jan 1854); p. 5-8.

• advertisement. Hartford Courant [Hartford, Connecticut] 6 Jan 1854; p. 3.

• Grace Greenwood’s Little Pilgrim. Daily National Era [Washington, District of Columbia] 13 Jan 1854; p. 2.

• notice. The Little Forester 1 (Feb 1854); p. 13. online

• “Grace Greenwood.” Polynesian [Honolulu, Hawai‘i] 4 Feb 1854; p. 1.

• “L.” [Leander Lippincott] “The Friend of Youth.” The Little Pilgrim 1 (March 1854); p. 21.

• “Domestic.” The Daily Delta [New Orleans, Louisiana] 11 June 1854; p. 2.

• Anne Hope. “A Morning Peep Into Farmer Brown’s Kitchen.” Vermont Watchman [Montpelier, Vermont] 21 July 1854; p. 4.

• Mr. Clark. Middlebury Register [Middlebury, Vermont] 6 Sept 1854; p. 2.

• “Literary.” Richmond Enquirer [Richmond, Virginia] 9 Jan 1855; p. 1.

• “Grace Greenwood and Her ‘Little Pilgrim.’ ” Buffalo Courier [Buffalo, New York] 15 Jan 1855; p. 2.

• “Editors’ Table.” Peterson’s Magazine 27 (April 1855); p. 316.

• Lippincott baby: “Personal.” Evening Star [Washington, District of Columbia] 22 Sept 1855; p. 2. Grace Greenwood. Daily Gazette and Comet [Baton Rouge, Louisiana] 2 Oct 1855; p. 2. “On Dit.” The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer [Wheeling, West Virginia] 2 Oct 1855; p. 3.

• “Literary.” Richmond Enquirer 30 Nov 1855; p. 4.

• notice. The Knickerbocker 46 (Dec 1855); p. 655.

• advertisement. American Phrenological Journal 22 (Dec 1855); p. 139.

• “Literary Notices.” Home Journal 48 (1 Dec 1855); p. 3.

• We have seldom been more pleased. Pittston Gazette [Pittston, Pennsylvania] 21 Dec 1855; p. 2.

• “The Little Pilgrim.” Richmond Enquirer [Richmond, Virginia] 29 Jan 1856; p. 4.

• “The Little Pilgrim.” The Lancaster News [Lancaster, South Carolina] 20 Feb 1856; p. 2.

• The Little Pilgrim. Freeport Daily Journal [Freeport, Illinois] 11 Dec 1856; p. 2.

• “Grace Greenwood’s ‘Little Pilgrim.’ ” The Times-Picayune [New Orleans, Louisiana] 30 Dec 1856; p. 2.

• “Our New Shape.” The Little Pilgrim 4 (Jan 1857); p. 8.

• “The Joys of Maternity.” Fayetteville Semi-Weekly Observer [Fayetteville, North Carolina] 1 Jan 1857; p. 2. Also, “Grace Greenwood and Her Baby.” Freeport Daily Journal [Freeport, Illinois] 3 Jan 1857; p. 1.

• The Little Pilgrim by Grace Greenwood. The Enterprise and Vermonter [Vergennes, Vermont] 30 Jan 1857; p. 2.

• “The Little Pilgrim.” The Belvidere Standard [Belvidere, Illinois] 3 Feb 1857; p. 2.

• The Little Pilgrim. Belmont Chronicle [Saint Clairsville, Ohio] 5 Feb 1857; p. 3.

• “Unprofessional Conduct.” Richmond Dispatch [Richmond, Virginia] 13 Feb 1857; p. 1. And, “Two Grace Greenwoods.” The Times-Picayune [New Orleans, Louisiana] 6 March 1867; 4.

• “The Little Pilgrim.” Nebraska Advertiser [Brownville, Nebraska] 3 Sept 1857; p. 3.

• “Little Pilgrim.” Grant County Herald [Lancaster, Wisconsin] 26 Dec 1857; p. 2.

• “Little Pilgrim.” The Burlington Weekly Sentinel [Burlington, Vermont] 13 Aug 1858; p. 2.

• “The Little Pilgrim.” The Burlington Weekly Sentinel [Burlington, Vermont] 24 Sept 1858; p. 3.

• “New Publications.” The Enterprise and Vermonter [Vergennes, Vermont] 15 Oct 1858; p. 2.

• “Newspapers and Periodicals: The Little Pilgrim.” Clearfield Republican [Clearfield, Pennsylvania] 1 Dec 1858; p. 3.

• “The Little Pilgrim.” The Enterprise and Vermonter [Vergennes, Vermont] 21 Jan 1859; p. 2.

• notice. Maine Farmer 27 (15 Dec 1859); p. 2.

• “Children’s Papers.” Anti-Slavery Bugle 15 Dec 1860; p. 2.

• Daniel J. Kenny, comp. The American Newspaper Directory. New York: Watson & Co., 1861; p. 65. [google books]

• “The Little Pilgrim.” The Star of the North [Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania] 4 Dec 1861; p. 2.

• “The Little Pilgrim.” Holmes County Farmer [Millersburg, Ohio] 28 Nov 1861; p. 3.

• notice. Maine Farmer 30 (11 Dec 1862); p. 2.

• notice. Maine Farmer 33 (7 Dec 1865); p. 2.

• “The Little Pilgrim.” The Weekly Republican [Plymouth, Indiana] 14 Dec 1865; p. 3.

• “The Little Pilgrim, for 1867.” Monmouth Democrat [Freehold, New Jersey] 3 Jan 1867; p. 2.

• Here comes the Little Pilgrim. Lewisburg Chronicle [Lewisburg, Pennsylvania] 11 Jan 1867; p. 2.

• “The Little Pilgrim.” The Field and Fireside [Raleigh, North Carolina] 23 Feb 1867; p. 4.

• notice. Southern Cultivator 25 (Oct 1867); p. 329.

• The Little Pilgrim. The Daily Evening Express [Lancaster, Pennsylvania] 18 Nov 1868; p. 2.

• “The Little Pilgrim.” The Oskaloosa Independent [Oskaloosa, Kansas] 28 Nov 1868; p. 2.

• “Personal Sketches: Sara Clarke Lippincott.” Chicago Tribune [Chicago, Illinois] 28 March 1869; p. 5.

• Grace Greenwood has sold. Richmond Weekly Palladium [Richmond, Indiana] 25 May 1869; p. 2.

• “Juvenile Magazines.” Buffalo Morning Express and Illustrated Buffalo Express [Buffalo, New York] 28 May 1869; p. 2.

• With the Little Corporal has been incorporated. The Brooklyn Daily Eagle [Brooklyn, New York] 1 June 1869; p. 4.

• notice of sale. American Literary Gazette and Publishers’ Circular 13 (1 June 1869); p. 55.

• “Grace Greenwood.” [Sarah J. Lippincott] “A Mother’s Good Bye.” The Little Corporal, 8 (June 1869); p. 91.

• “The Little Pilgrim: A Distinguished Recruit.” The Little Corporal, 8 (June 1869); p. 92.

• “The Little Corporal.” Wisconsin State Journal [Madison, Wisconsin] 5 June 1869; p. 2.

• “The Little Corporal for June.” Ashtabula Weekly Telegraph [Ashtabula, Ohio] 5 June 1869; p. 3.

• “Prospectuses: The Little Pilgrim.” Southern Republican [Demopolis, Alabama] 23 June 1869; p. 4.

• notice of merger. Western Christian Advocate 36 (23 June 1869); p. 197.

• “The Little Pilgrim!” The Sun [Talladega, Alabama] 1 July 1869; p. 4.

• “The Magazines for September.” The Burlington Free Press [Burlington, Vermont] 1 Sept 1869; p. 1.

• The Bright Side. The Luzerne Union. [Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania] 30 March 1870; p. 2.

• “The Lecture.” The St. Johnsbury Times [St. Johnsbury, Vermont] 6 May 1870; p. 3. “A Correction.” The St. Johnsbury Times [St. Johnsbury, Vermont] 10 June 1870; p. 2.

• J. Thomas Scharf and Thompson Westcott. History of Philadelphia, 1609-1884. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: L. H. Everts & Co., 1884; vol 3, p. 2024. [google books]

• Eleanor Weakley Nolen. “Nineteenth Century Children’s Magazines.” The Horn Book Magazine. 15 (Jan/Feb 1939); p. 55-60.

• Mabel F. Altstetter. “Early American Magazines for Children.” Peabody Journal of Education 19 (Nov 1941); p. 132.

• Betty Longenecker Lyon. “A History of Children’s Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899.” PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 3, 144, 151, 154, 156, 214-220, 376.

• Children’s Periodicals of the United States, ed. R. Gordon Kelly. Westport, Connecticut & London, England: Greenwood Press, 1984.

• James Marten. “For the Good, the True, and the Beautiful: Northern Children’s Magazines and the Civil War.” Civil War History 41 (March 1995); p. 57-75.

• Lessons of War: The Civil War in Children’s Magazines, ed. James Marten. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources, 1998.

edited by: W. J. Shuey, 1869. D. Berger, 1870, 1872

published: Dayton, Ohio: Telescope Office, 1854-1904. • Dayton, Ohio: S. Vonnieda. • Dayton, Ohio: W. J. Shuey, 1869-1872.

frequency: semimonthly

description: 1854: 25¢/ year

• Price: 1869-1872, 30¢/ year

• Circulation: 1869, 30,000. 1871, 40,000

absorbed: Missionary Visitor • Children’s Visitor ; 1865-1901

continued by: Boys’ Friend (1918-1927) and Girls’ Friend ; 1918-1927

source of information: Casket ; AAS catalog

available:

• AASHistPer, series 5 (1876 only)

• excerpts in Lessons of War: The Civil War in Children’s Magazines, ed. James Marten. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources, 1998.

bibliography:

• notice. The Youth’s Casket. 3 (June 1854); p. 149. online

• Daniel J. Kenny, comp. The American Newspaper Directory. New York: Watson & Co., 1861; p. 57. [google books]

• Geo. P. Rowell & Co’s American Newspaper Directory. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1869; p. 87. [archive.org]

• The Men Who Advertise. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1870; p. 720. [google books]

• Geo. P. Rowell & Co.’s American Newspaper Directory. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1871; p. 123. [University of North Texas]

• Geo. P. Rowell & Co.’s American Newspaper Directory. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1872; p. 142. [archive.org]

• Lessons of War: The Civil War in Children’s Magazines, ed. James Marten. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources, 1998.

cover/masthead: 1854

edited by: Jan-July 1854, Howard Durham • Aug 1854, Howard Durham, William T. Coggeshall, & Coates Kinney • Sept 1854, Mary M. Coggeshall

published: Cincinnati, Ohio: Howard Durham, Jan-July 1854. • Cincinnati, Ohio: C. S. Abbott & Co., Aug 1854. • Cincinnati, Ohio: William T. Coggeshall, Sept 1854-1855.

frequency: monthly; 2 vol/ year

description: 1854: 8 pp.; paper size, 11.75″ h x 9″ w. Prices: Jan-Oct 1854, 25¢/ year; Nov-Dec 1854, 50¢/ year

• July 1854, changed from 1 volume/ year to 2 volumes/ year

relevant quotes:

• The first issue was produced under difficulties: “The present number of the Little Forester is not a fair specimen of what the future numbers will be, except in size and form. The office in which we get our work printed is but just recovering from the recent strike of the jour. printers, and it was with the utmost difficulty that we could get any type set for it. The next number will challenge comparison with any similar publication. It will contain original contributions from several of the first writers in the West ….” [1 (Jan 1853); p. 4]

• Durham was pleased with the rate of subscribing in the first months: “The Little Forester is going ahead finely, and has received some days as high as forty and fifty subscribers.” [1 (Feb 1854); p. 12]

• In the middle of the Forester’s first year, Durham was inspired to do some complex restructuring (the veiled hint that “prosperity” was the most important aspect of the paper was typical for Durham; see quotes for The Little Traveler): “The large and increasing demand for the ‘Little Forester’ having exhausted the main body of our files from Jan. 1st, we shall divide the volume into two, of six months each, instead of one of twelve months, thereby enabling all who may wish it, to commence with a new volume the 1st of July. As soon as our remaining files of back numbers are gone, which will be in about two weeks, we shall mark each subscriber for July 1st, and send them the June number free of charge. Of the character of the ‘Little Forester’ we leave its friends to judge. The hearty support which it has received from a large class of most appreciating people of the West, is the best evidence of its worth. We shall, with an increasing patronage, make such improvements as experience and prosperity may suggest—the latter being very suggestive. To Parents, Teachers, and the Little People themselves, we commend the work, and feel assured from the history of our favorite little enterprise, that they will make a grand effort to extend its circulation. An enterprising person may in[ ]a couple of hours, secure a club of 25, in almost any village, as the efforts of many have proven. We are receiving order [sic] for large clubs to Sunday Schools, and it will be seen that we furnish them very low. The ‘Little Forester’ has been pronounced, [by] the Religious Press, ‘the cheapest and neatest paper for the young in the United States,’ and we intend, by the aid of our friends, to keep good the good opinion everywhere formed in its favor.” [“Prospectus”]

• The Forester gained new editors as some literary sparring broke out. W. H. Venable notes that “[s]ome business difficulty having arisen between Durham and Kinney, the latter bought the concern, taking as company Wm. T. Coggeshall, and Durham retired,” with a notice from Durham appearing in The Genius of the West, the magazine for adults which he also published: “For numerous reasons, more interesting to myself than to the public, I have withdrawn from the Genius of the West and Forester, leaving my partners ‘monarchs of all they survey.’ ” At first, all was decorous: “The readers of the Little Forester will observe that the name of Mr. Durham has disappeared from its columns, and that two names take its place. [Note: Durham’s name was still on the masthead for this issue.] Mr. Durham has withdrawn to engage in other enterprises, and his place is filled by Mr. Coggeshall and Mr. Kinney. Very likely you have all read Mr. Coggeshall’s stories, and Mr. Kinney’s poetry, … so that you will not feel that they are exactly strangers to you.” [2 (Aug 1854); p. 20.] The next issue was another matter, with C. S. Abbott inserting a few intriguing paragraphs in largish type: “We caution the public against being influenced by a circular, issued by Mr. Howard Durham. We have found him unworthy of confidence. Influenced by editorial jealousy, he suddenly deserted his post and violated all his engagements with us. Now he undertakes the labor, as he himself expresses it, of ‘sinking us in an infamous oblivion.’ … We must be excused from replying to an individual who asserts that he ‘could bring us to justice by course of law,’ but instead of that proper remedy, proceeds recklessly to assail us with gross and criminal libel. In the future the public will have cause to thank us for this brief word of caution.” [“Caution.” 2 (Sept 1854); p. 30.]

relevant information:

• In 1853, Durham also published The Genius of the West, which provided some material for the Forester. He was long a proponent of the “phonetic alphabet” and provided about a page of material in each issue of the Forester printed using that orthography. Durham did the same in his other publications, including The Western Gem and The Little Traveler. The result was at least one nearly indecipherable page in every issue. (The phonetic alphabet had other adherents in Cincinnati: Longley & Brother published several works in the alphabet in 1849 and 1850; see the Morgan Bibliography of Ohio Imprints, 1796-1850, at olc7.ohiolink.edu/morgan.)

• Mary Coggeshall offered readers more than her editorial talents: “We wish to be the personal friend of each reader of the Little Forester and we will esteem it a privilege to select for and send to mothers any books, toys, or information concerning dress, which they may wish from the city and can order through us. Children ask your mothers what the ’Forester’ Editor can send you.” [2 (Oct 1854); p. 36]

• Subscribers received 10 issues of the Forester for 1855 before receiving two issues of The Youth’s Friend: “This number completes the twelve for which many of the patrons of the ‘Forester’ subscribed, they having received ten ‘Foresters,’ and in place of the two more due, we have furnished the present [Jan 1856] and last numbers of the ‘Youth’s Friend.‘ Mr. and Mrs. Coggeshall have united with us, to solicit a continuance of our short acquaintence, friendship, and patronage. Your former Editor’s promises have been cheerfully given to labor with us for your profit and pleasure, in making the ‘Friend’ not only as good, but better than any other youth’s paper now published anywhere; and we feel assured we can do it.” [“To the ‘Little Forester’ Subscribers.”]

merged with: The Youth’s Friend • Youth’s Monthly Friend (also Monthly Youth’s Friend) ; 6 March 1846-1860

source of information: 1854 issues; Garwood; Lyon; AAS

available: AASHistPer, series 4

bibliography:

• advertisement. Watertown Chronicle [Watertown, Wisconsin] 8 Feb 1854; p. 2.

• “Literary Notices.” Western Literary Cabinet 10 (March 1854); p. 120.

• “Prospectus of The Little Forester.” Nebraska Palladium [Bellevue, Nebraska] 15 Nov 1854; p. 3.

• “To the ‘Little Forester’ Subscribers.” The Youth’s Friend 10 (Jan 1856); p. 60.

• W. H. Venable. “Early Periodical Literature of the Ohio Valley,” part 5. Magazine of Western History 8 (Oct 1888); p. 523.

• Irving Garwood. American Periodicals from 1850 to 1860. Macomb, Illinois: Irving Garwood, 1931; p. 24.

• Betty Longenecker Lyon. “A History of Children’s Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899.” PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 139-140, 146-147.

edited by: “teachers in the Public Schools”

published: Pottsville, Pennsylvania: Benjamin Bannen

frequency: monthly

description: 16 pp.; page size, 10.25″ h • Prices per issue: 4¢ to scholars; 50¢ other subscribers

• At least seven issues

relevant information:

• The Wednesday Dollar Journal was founded in 1855 “to supply, to some extent, the Schuylkill County School Journal, which was discontinued last year.” [“The Press”]

• A copy of the July 1854 issue was donated to the Schuylkill County Historical Society in 1904. In 1914, the Historical Society owned issues for Jan-Oct.

relevant quotes:

• “As its title indicates, it is … devoted to the interests of the public schools particularly in Schuylkill county. Besides affording a medium of communication with the public to the teachers themselves, we perceive, it is purposed to appropriate a considerable portion of its columns to communications from the scholars.” [“Schuylkill County School Journal”]

• The Journal focused on the process of education and on essays written by pupils; the result is an uncomfortable mixture of works for adults and for young readers that makes it only nominally a periodical for children. That the Journal was intended for a young audience was made clear in the introduction to the magazine: “Being conscious that parents will hail with pleasure anything presented to the minds of their sons that may awaken the nobler faculties of their natures, and engage them in praiseworthy pursuits during the leisure hours of school-boy days; and feeling also that our success in teaching is much impeded by idle habits in pupils, we desire to throw a pleasing amusement into their hands and to impose an ennobling duty on their minds. This we expect to accomplish by this Journal. Its pages will receive contributions from the pupils of our schools, and of those in the County. … This will afford an excellent occasion for a noble spirit of emulation, and will call forth capacities which would otherwise never appear. Fathers and mothers, will it be a small gratification to you to see your children watch the mental improvement of their companions? … [p. 2] But the Journal is not only intended for the pupils. It is also intended to afford teachers an opportunity of consulting with one another, and of making known their difficulties to parents, and awakening sympathy in their minds in behalf of education.” [1 (Jan 1854); pp. 1-2]

source of information: German ; AAS catalog; OCLC

available: AASHistPer, series 4

bibliography:

• “Business Notices.” The Sunbury Gazette, and Northumberland County Republican [Sunbury, Pennsylvania] 31 Dec 1853; p. 2.

• “Schuylkill County School Journal.” German Reformed Messenger 19 (4 Jan 1854); p. 4014.

• “Educational Periodicals.” The Connecticut Common School Journal and Annals of Education 1 (May 1854); p. 156.

• “The Press.” The Saturday Express [Lancaster, Pennsylvania] 19 May 1855; p. 2.

• “The Historical Society Hears Interesting Paper.” Pottsville Republican [Pottsville, Pennsylvania] 29 Sept 1904; p. 4.

• Publications of the Historical Society of Schuylkill County. Pottsville, Pennsylvania: Daily Republican Print, 1914; vol 4, p. 95.

edited by: Howard Owen

published: Brunswick, Maine: Howard Owen.

frequency: semimonthly

description: Newspaper format

relevant information:

• At age 12, Owen had published a weekly paper titled the Sun. He later edited the Maine Farmer. [Richardson]

• The Watchman developed from the Juvenile Temperance Watchman Club. One member of the Club was Fred Stowe, son of Harriet Beecher Stowe.

• One contributor to the Watchman was C. A. Boutelle, who later wrote for the Bangor Whig as “Ramrod.”

source of information: OCLC; pieces listed below

bibliography:

• H. W. Richardson. “The Press of Cumberland County.” In History of the Press of Maine, ed. Joseph Griffin. Brunswick: 1872; pp. 84. [archive.org]

• Celebration of the One Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary of the Town of Brunswick, June 13, 1889. Brunswick, Maine: Pejepscot Historical Society, 1889; pp. 70-71.

• Irving Garwood. American Periodicals from 1850 to 1860. Macomb, Illinois: Irving Garwood, 1931.

• Betty Longenecker Lyon. “A History of Children’s Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899.” PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; p. 146.

edited by: Electa M. Sheldon (also, Electa M. Shelden, Mrs. C. M. Sheldon)

published: Detroit, Michigan

frequency: monthly

description: 30¢/ year. Price: 1 copy, 30¢/ year; 4 copies, $1/ year; 25 copies, $5/ year

• Only four issues

relevant information: In May 1854, a specimen issue was sent to subscribers to the Western Literary Cabinet, which also was edited by Electa Sheldon.

relevant quotes:

• The Wolverine offered something for everyone. The Grand River Times declared that “[i]t will aim to amuse as well as instruct by means of history, poetry, stories, or whatever else may seem calculated to promote the object in view.” [10 May 1854] The Hillsdale Standard was more effusive: “It is a literary, moral and religious paper for children, should be in every family in the State, it will be of more benefit to childern [sic] than four times the amount it costs in books.” [9 May 1854]

• In praise of the editor: “We ought to have noticed earlier this little sheet recently established by our neighbor, Mrs. E. M. Sheldon, the popular Editress of the Western Literary Cabinet. we hail this paper with much pleasure, and feel an assurance that in the hands of the lady who conducts it, it will prove as useful as pleasant to the little people for whom it is designed. We advise our young friends to send for a copy for themselves.” [Michigan Journal of Education]

source of information: Casket ; Western Literary Cabinet ; Farmer; Lyon

bibliography:

• “The Little Wolverine.” Western Literary Cabinet 10 (May 1854); p. 198.

• “The Little Wolverine.” The Hillsdale Standard [Hillsdale, Michigan] 9 May 1854; p. 2.

• “The Little Wolverine.” Grand River Times [Grand Haven, Michigan] 10 May 1854; p. 2.

• notice. The Youth’s Casket. 3 (June 1854); p. 149. online

• notice. Odd Fellows’ Literary Casket 1 (June 1854); p. 382.

• notice. Michigan Journal of Education and Teachers’ Magazine 1 (July 1854); p. 240.

• Silas Farmer. History of Detroit and Wayne County and Early Michigan, 3rd ed. Detroit: Silas Farmer & Co., 1890; p. 677.

• Betty Longenecker Lyon. “A History of Children’s Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899.” PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 145-146, 151.

cover/masthead: 1854-1855 | 1855-1858 | 1859-1868

edited by: Dexter S. King (“Mark Forrester”)

published: Boston, Massachusetts: William Guild & Co., 1854-1867. Publisher at 156 Washington St., Aug 1855-Feb 1860; at 109 Washington St., April-Aug 1860; at 5 Water St., Aug 1862; at 15 Water St., July 1864-April 1865; at 33 School St., May 1865-Feb 1867; at 134 Washington St., April 1867.

frequency: monthly • 2 vol/ year: 1855-Dec 1860, Jan & July; 1861-1866, April & Sept; 1867, Jan & July

description: Page size, 8″ h x 5.5″ w

• Page count: 1855-Dec 1858, 32 pp.; Jan-June 1859, 40 pp.; July 1859-March 1866, 32 pp.; April 1866, 48 pp.; June 1866-1867, 32 pp.; Jan 1868, 48 pp.

• Prices: 1855-1857, 10¢/ issue; 1 copy, $1/ year in advance, $1.25/ year otherwise; 4 copies, $3/ year; 10 copies, $7/ year. 1859, $1.25/ year; $1/ year in advance. 1860, 1 copy, $1.25/ year, $1/ year in advance; 3 copies (67¢/ issue), $2/ year; 10 copies (60¢/ issue), $6/ year; 20 copies (50¢/ issue), $10/ year. April 1865-March 1866, 1 copy, $1.25/ year in advance; 5 copies, $5/ year; specimen copy, 10¢. April 1866-April 1867, 1 copy, $1.50/ year in advance; 5 copies, $6/ year; specimen copy, 10¢

• Jan 1868, 1 copy, $1.25/ year

• No issue for Jan 1861; vol 14 begins Feb with 1861. Missed two more issues Sept 1861-March 1862: vol 16 begins with April 1862

• Double issues: Nov/Dec 1864 (48 pp.); Dec 1865/Jan 1866 (72 pp.)

• Vol 23 begins with Oct 1865; vol 25 begins with Jan 1867; vol 27 begins with Jan 1868

• Also referred to as The Playmate and Instructor. Bound volumes of Youth’s Casket and Playmate also titled Forrester’s Playmate

entertaining information: In 1860, the “Youth’s Department” in the Highland Weekly News printed an enigma, the answer of which is the name of Forrester’s magazine.

relevant quotes:

• As the Instructor: “Parents, Teachers, do you want an excellent Magazine for Home and School reading, as a present for the young folks? Send for the Monthly Instructor, edited by Mark Forrester, former editor of the Boys and Girls’ Magazine. Each number of the Instructor contains 32 octavo pages, in a pictorial cover; numerous beautiful engravings; music, speeches and original dialogues, to assist the young to become graceful speakers; accounts of all the most wonderful works of nature and art; moral tales, and a great variety of other interesting matter.” [Woodstock Mercury 15 Dec 1853]

• Absorbing Sargent’s meant a temporary increase in the number of pages: “The publishers are happy to announce that, in consequence of the regret expressed at the discontinuance of Sargeant’s [sic] School Monthly they have made arrangements with MR. SARGEANT [sic] to contribute to the ensuing volume of the Youth’s Casket and Playmate, and have availed themselves of the subscription list of the former highly popular work to increase their circulation. Eight pages per month will be added making it the LARGEST WORK OF THE KIND NOW PUBLISHED.” [North Star 8 Jan 1859]

• Advertisements of the Casket in the New England Farmer could be lively, with “clickbait” titles like “Eighteen to a Dozen!” and “Six Months Subscription Free!”: “Farm Work for January”: “PARENTS! ONE DOLLAR will secure the Youth’s Casket and Playmate for your children a whole year. You don’t neglect the tender plants in the spring; ought the Boys and Girls be overlooked?” [15 Jan 1859]

• The publisher advertised for women to act as agents for the magazine: “WANTED, LADIES OF GOOD CHARACTER and pleasant address to act as agents for the YOUTH’S CASKET AND PLAYMATE. Those who have had some experience in soliciting subscribers, or who have been teachers, are especially requested to notice this. Extraordinary inducements will be offered and permanent employment given.” [“Employment for Ladies”]

absorbed: Sargent’s School Monthly ; Jan-Dec 1858: “Epes Sargent, Esq., recently editor and publisher of Sargent’s School Monthly, having transferred that work to us, will become a contributor to the pages of the Playmate during the coming year. It is but justice to say, that his popularity as a writer for the young will add greatly to the value of our Magazine.” [Forrester’s Playmate 9 (Dec 1858); p. 189]

source of information: Aug 1855-Ap 1867, scattered issues & bound volumes; Lyon

available: AASHistPer, series 4

• excerpts in Lessons of War: The Civil War in Children’s Magazines, ed. James Marten. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources, 1998.

• excerpts online

bibliography:

• “Forrester’s Monthly Instructor.” The Woodstock Mercury [Woodstock, Vermont] 15 Dec 1853; p. 3.

• “Editor’s Table.” Maine Farmer 22 (22 June 1854); p. 2.

• “Editor’s Table.” Maine Farmer 23 (14 June 1855); p. 2.

• advertisement. German Reformed Messenger 22 (7 Jan 1857); p. 4.

• “Editor’s Table.” Maine Farmer 25 (11 June 1857); p. 2.

• “Youth’s Casket and Playmate for 1859.” North Star [Danville, Vermont] 8 Jan 1859; p. 3.

• “Farm Work for January.” New England Farmer [Boston, Massachusetts] 15 Jan 1859; p. 3.

• “Eighteen To a Dozen!” New England Farmer [Boston, Massachusetts] 12 Nov 1859; p. 3.

• advertisement. New York Evangelist 31 (5 Jan 1860); p. 5.

• “Miscellaneous Enigma.” The Highland Weekly News [Hillsboro, Ohio] 26 Jan 1860; p. 1. Also, Answer to Enigma. The Highland Weekly News [Hillsboro, Ohio] 2 Feb 1860; p. 1.

• “Six Months’ Subscription Free!” New England Farmer [Boston, Massachusetts] 13 Oct 1860; p. 3.

• Daniel J. Kenny, comp. The American Newspaper Directory. New York: Watson & Co., 1861; p. 31. [google books]

• “Wishy and Worky.” The Berkshire County Eagle [Pittsfield, Massachusetts] 7 March 1861; p. 3.

• “Youth’s Casket and Playmate.” The Liberator [Boston, Massachusetts] 24 Jan 1862; p. 3.

• “ ‘Get the Best!’ for th[e] Boys and Girls!” New England Farmer [Boston, Massachusetts] 3 Jan 1863; p. 3.

• “Employment for Ladies.” New England Farmer [Boston, Massachusetts] 2 May 1863; p. 3.

• “New Publications.” The Burlington Free Press [Burlington, Vermont] 10 June 1863; p. 2.

• “Boys and Girls ‘Get the Best!’ ” New England Farmer [Boston, Massachusetts] 11 July 1863; p. 3.

• “Youth’s Casket and Playmate.” New England Farmer [Boston, Massachusetts] 26 Dec 1863; p. 3.

• “Children! Study Out the Puzzle!” New England Farmer [Boston, Massachusetts] 14 Jan 1865; p. 3.

• The Youth’s Casket and Playmate for this month. Richmond Weekly Palladium [Richmond, Indiana] 28 Sept 1865; p. 2.

• “New Advertisements”: Youth’s Casket and Playmate. Richmond Weekly Palladium [Richmond, Indiana] 28 Sept 1865; p. 2.

• The Youth’s Casket and Playmate. Vermont Record [Brandon, Vermont] 28 Oct 1865; p. 5.

• “Will Be Sent Free of Charge.” Argus and Patriot [Montpelier, Vermont] 30 Nov 1865; p. 3.

• “Youth’s Casket.” Lancaster Gazette [Lancaster, Ohio] 20 Dec 1866; p. 2.

• “Mark Forrester’s Magazine for Boys and Girls.” New England Farmer [Boston, Massachusetts] 11 May 1867; p. 3.

• notice. Vermont Record and Farmer. [Brattleboro, Vermont] 1 Jan 1868; p. 1.

• “Youth’s Casket and Playmate.” Fall River Daily Evening News [Fall River, Massachusetts] 3 Jan 1868; p. 2.

• “New Publications.” The Burlington Free Press [Burlington, Vermont] 3 Jan 1868; p. 2.

• “Youth’s Casket and Playmate.” Bellows Falls Times [Bellows Falls, Vermont] 3 Jan 1868; p. 2.

• The Youth’s Casket and Playmate. Rutland Independent [Rutland, Vermont] 4 Jan 1868; p. 6.

• notice. Banner of Light 22 (25 Jan 1868); p. 4.

• notice. The Morning Star [Dover, New Hampshire] 29 Jan 1868; p. 178.

• “Youth’s Casket and Playmate.” The Vermont Record and Farmer [Brattleboro, Vermont] 5 Feb 1868; p. 8.

• Betty Longenecker Lyon. “A History of Children’s Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899.” PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 145, 147, 152, 221-223.

• Lessons of War: The Civil War in Children’s Magazines, ed. James Marten. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources, 1998.

edited by: Henry R. James, James W. Hopkins, and Charles R. Foster

published: Ogdensburg, New York: Henry R. James, James W. Hopkins, and Charles R. Foster

frequency: Daily Journal: daily (except Sunday); Boys’ Journal: weekly

description:

• as daily: page size, 14″ h x 12″ w; price, $3/ year

• as weekly: page size, 23″ h x 15″ w; price, $1/ year

relevant information:

• Material from the daily was collected into the weekly.

• The young publishers had previous experience as students of the Ogdensburg Academy, having helped publish the Morning Glory and Young America.

continued by: The Daily Journal (The Ogdensburg Journal) ; The Weekly Journal (1857-1868).

source of information: WorldCat; AAS; references, etc., below

bibliography:

• Franklin B. Hough. “Newspapers and Other Periodicals Published in New-York in 1855,” in Census of the State of New-York, for 1855. Albany, New York: Charles Van Benthuysen, 1857; pp. 492-493.

• W. T. Coggeshall. The Newspaper Record. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Lay & Brother, 1856; p. 39. [google books]

• Gazetteer and Business Directory of St. Lawrence County, N. Y., for 1873-4, comp. Hamilton Child. Syracuse, New York: Journal office, 1873; p. 72. [google books]

• J. H. French. Gazetteer of the State of New York. Syracuse, New York: R. Pearsall Smith, 1860; note 14, p. 573. [google books]

cover/masthead: 1854

edited by: Howard Durham • John W. Henley

published: Cincinnati, Ohio: Howard Durham.

frequency: monthly

description: 8 pp.; page size, 12″ h x 9″ w; prices: 1 copy, 50¢/ year; 3 copies, $1/ year; 10 copies, $3/ year; 20 copies, $5/ year

• Jan 1855 would begin volume 2: “Finding that our present edition will not be equal to the demand, we have concluded to commence a new volume with our January number, in order to enlarge the size of our monthly editions, so that subscribers may have all the numbers complete from the beginning of the volume; and also, in order that subscriptions may begin and end with the volumes, we will send to all subscribers who began with the November number, the whole of the twelve numbers for 1855—thus giving them fourteen numbers instead of twelve; and we will send to all new subscribers commencing with January, the copies for November and December, so long as the editions may hold out, which, however, from present prospects will not be very long.” [“The Little Traveler for 1855.” 1 (Dec 1854); p. 12.]

relevant quotes:

• Prospectus: “Our design is to furnish a pleasant, moral, literary paper for the young.” [1 (Nov 1854); p. 5.]

• Durham was rather blunter than many editors about the economic promise of publishing a periodical “Well, who ever saw a nicer or more appropriate heading for a Young People’s Paper? It can’t be surpassed anywhere in our opinion. It cost us a good big ‘pile’ of money, and it will take quite a number of subscribers to renumerate us for this outlay; but one thing we are certain of—it will after all, be a cheap heading, for the Little Traveler will ‘walk right into the affections’ of all the folks, both big and little.” [“Our Heading.” 1 (Nov 1854); p. 5.]

relevant information:

• Business for the Traveler was handled by John W. Henley.

• Durham was long a proponent of the “phonetic alphabet” and provided in each issue of the Traveler about a page of material printed using that orthography. (He did the same in his other publications, including The Western Gem [for adults] and The Little Forester.) The result was at least one nearly indecipherable page in every issue. (The phonetic alphabet had other adherents in Cincinnati: Longley & Brother published several works in the alphabet in 1849 and 1850; see the Morgan Bibliography of Ohio Imprints, 1796-1850, at olc7.ohiolink.edu/morgan.)

• The Traveler seems to have been published as a result of some literary warfare: from Jan through July of 1854, Durham edited The Little Forester. Durham also published The Genius of the West, for adults. By Aug 1854, Durham had sold his share of the publishing company to his partner. [W. H. Venable] Durham’s name appeared in the masthead of the Aug issue of the Forester, along with the names of two new editors. In Sept, however, the Forester’s new publisher inserted some intriguing paragraphs in the largest type in that issue: “We caution the public against being influenced by a circular, issued by Mr. Howard Durham. We have found him unworthy of confidence. Influenced by editorial jealousy, he suddenly deserted his post and violated all his engagements with us. Now he undertakes the labor, as he himself expresses it, of ‘sinking us in an infamous oblivion.’ … We must be excused from replying to an individual who asserts that he ‘could bring us to justice by course of law,’ but instead of that proper remedy, proceeds recklessly to assail us with gross and criminal libel. In the future the public will have cause to thank us for this brief word of caution.” [“Caution.” The Little Forester 2 (Sept 1854); p. 30.] In 1855, Durham founded another magazine for adults to compete with the one he sold to his partner. [W. H. Venable]

source of information: 1854 issues; Venable

bibliography:

• W. H. Venable. “Early Periodical Literature of the Ohio Valley,” part 5. Magazine of Western History 8 (Oct 1888); p. 523.

published: Boston, Massachusetts: Hatch & Brother • Indianapolis, Indiana

frequency: monthly & semimonthly

description: 1854-1855: price, 40¢/ year; 20+, 30¢/ each. 1856: monthly, 80¢/ year; semimonthly, 40¢/ year; clubs, 30¢/ each

• April 1856 is issue five (presumably of that volume)

relevant quote: From a notice: “It is well calculated for boys”. [Lancaster News]

source of information: notices, etc., below

bibliography:

• “Periodicals, &c.: Youth’s National Gazette.” The Enterprise and Vermonter [Vergennes, Vermont] 1 Dec 1854; p. 2.

• “Youth’s National Gazette.” The Lancaster News [Lancaster, South Carolina] 3 Jan 1855; p. 2.

• The Youth’s National Gazette. The Enterprise and vermonter [Vergennes, Vermont] 11 April 1856; p. 2.

• “Youth’s National Gazette.” The Enterprise and Vermonter [Vergennes, vermont] 13 June 1856; p. 2.

edited by: Carl Beyschlag

published: Cincinnati, Ohio: Carl Beyschlag.

description: German-language periodical

source of information: Arndt; Fraser

bibliography:

• Karl J. R. Arndt & May E. Olson. German-American Newspapers and Periodicals: 1732-1955. Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer Publishers, 1961.

• Sybille Fraser. “German Language Children’s and Youth Periodicals in North America: A Checklist.” Phaedrus 6 (Spring 1979); pp. 27-31.

edited by: Jan 1855-1859, “Uncle Robin”; “Aunt Alice”

• 1860, George C. Connor

published: Nashville, Tennessee: South-Western Publishing House, Graves, Marks & Co., Jan 1855-1860.

frequency: monthly

description: 1855-1857: 32 pp.; price, $1/ year

• Religious focus: Baptist

continued by: Youth’s Magazine ; April 1860-April 1861

source of information: notices, etc., below

bibliography:

• three notices. Tennessee Baptist 11 (17 Feb 1855); p. 2.

• “Just the Thing for Your Children!” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 8 Nov 1856; p. 4.

• “Catalogue of Publications of the South-Western Publishing House.” Published at end of Our Lord’s Great Prophecy, by D. D. Buck; Nashville, Tennessee: South-Western Publishing House, Graves, Marks & Co., 1857. [google books]

• “South Western Publishing House, Nashville, Tenn.” The Biblical Recorder [Raleigh, North Carolina] 22 Jan 1857; p. 3.

• “South-Western Publishing House.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 21 Nov 1857; p. 3.

• notice from the Texas Baptist. Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 15 Oct 1859; p. 3.

• “Catalogue of Publications of the South-Western Publishing House.” Published at end of Campbellism Exposed, by A. P. Williams; Nashville, Tennessee: South-Western Publishing House, 1860. [archive.org]

• Nashville City and Business Directory, for 1860-61. Nashville, L. P. Williams & Co., 1860; p. 89. [google books]

• Daniel J. Kenny, comp. The American Newspaper Directory. New York: Watson & Co., 1861; p. 68. [google books]

• Children’s Periodicals of the United States, ed. R. Gordon Kelly. Westport, Connecticut & London, England: Greenwood Press, 1984.

• Mary D. Manning. “ ‘Trust Not Appearances’: Admonitory Pieces from Two Tennessee Juvenile Periodicals of the 1850s.” University of Mississippi Studies in English. 5 (1984-1987); p. 131-139.

published: Brookline, Massachusetts: F. E. Wellman

frequency: monthly

relevant quote: The American was an experiment which was resurrected for a new audience, as the editor of the later Young American explained in 1857: “When, two years ago, the first number of The Young American was published, we felt doubtful whether it would succeed. It was undertaken, partly as an experiment, partly for pleasure. As an experiment, it succeeded beyond our expectations, as to the pleasure, however, it proved rather harder work than we has [sic] at first supposed. But if we did not derive as much pleasure from it as we had anticipated, we trust our subscribers did, and that they have consequently missed it during the past year. Therefore when we offer it to the public in an enlarged form, intending to make it interesting and attractive, a Brookline paper, containing the latest news, with many original articles; we expect that the citizens of Brookline will receive it with pleasure, and contribute to its colums [sic] according to their well known literary taste and talent.” [“To the Friends and Subscribers to ‘The Young American.’ ” The Young American 1 (7 Oct 1857); p. 1]

continued by: The Young American (7 Oct 1857-1 Sept 1858)

source of information: OCLC; Young American (1857)

cover/masthead: 1855

edited by: Asa Fitz

published: Boston, Massachusetts: Nathaniel L. Dayton; publisher at 20 Washington St.

frequency: monthly; 2 vol/ year

description: 24 pp.; page size, 7.5″ h; price, 50¢/ year

relevant information:

• Descriptions of the magazine in the Harvard and New York Public Library online catalogs refer to a notice tipped into the last issue that with volume 2 the publisher would be changed to Higgins & Bradley.

• The last issue listed in online catalogs is issue 5.

source of information: AASHistPer; WorldCat

available: AASHistPer, series 4

• Issues may have been reprinted in 1856 as The Pupil’s Cabinet: A Treasury for Children, by Asa Fitz (Boston, Massachusetts: Higgins and Bradley, 1856); the height of the book is the same as that of the magazine.

cover/masthead: 1857 | 1862-1864 | 1867 | 1869

edited by: Nov 1855-1856, A. R. Phippen; Norman A. Calkins.

• 1856-1857, A. R. Pope; Norman A. Calkins

• 1857-1862, Norman A. Calkins; A. R. Pope, associate ed.

• 1858-1862, Norman A. Calkins; Francis Forrester (“Father Forrester”) & William T. Adams (“Oliver Optic”), associate ed.

• 1858-1862, Francis Forrester, associate ed.

• 1861-1864, William T. Adams.

• 1864-1872, Joseph H. Allen.

published: New York, New York: Calkins & Stiles, Nov 1855-July 1858; publisher at 348 Broadway, 1856-1858. New York, New York: N. A. Calkins, Aug 1858-June 1864; publisher at 348 Broadway, Aug 1858-Feb 1860; publisher at 135 Grand St., Jan 1861-April 1864; publisher at 130 Grand St., May-June 1864. New York, New York: Schermerhorn, Bancroft, & Co., Aug-Dec 1864. New York, New York: American News Co., Feb-Nov 1867.

• Boston, Massachusetts: James Robinson, Nov 1855-1856? Boston, Massachusetts: Robinson and Richardson, 1856-April 1857. Boston, Massachusetts: James Robinson & Co., June 1857-Oct 1859; publisher at 119 Washington St., 1857-Oct 1859. April 1858-Nov 1859, printed by George C. Rand & Avery, 3 Cornhill. Boston, Massachusetts: Robinson, Greene & Co., Nov 1859-Feb 1860; publisher at 120 Washington St., Nov 1859-Feb 1860. Boston, Massachusetts: Galen James & Co., 1861-1863; publisher at 15 Cornhill. Boston, Massachusetts: Joseph H. Allen, 1864-1872; publisher at 119 Washington St., 1863-1864; publisher at 203 Washington St., 1867-1869.

frequency: monthly; 2 vol/ year

• 1855-1857, vol begins in Nov & May; 1858-1872, vol begins in Jan & July

description: 1855-1864: 36 pp.; page size untrimmed, 8.5″ h x 5.75″ w; price, $1/ year

• 1867, 40 pp.; page size untrimmed, 9″ h x 6″ w. Price, 15¢ each; $1.50/ year

• 1869, title on cover: The Schoolmate ; 48 pp.; page size, 9″ h x 6″ w. Price, 15¢ each; $1.50/ year

• Circulation: 1870, 9,000

variations: Individual issues show a surprising number of differences.

• Sept 1857 issue apparently published in Boston marked “Vol 4, new series,” while the same issue apparently published in New York simply reads, “Vol 4”

• Copy of Oct 1858 issue numbered vol 6, #4 consists of pp. 109-144; another copy of Oct 1858 numbered vol 6, #6 consists of pp. 181-216

• Title on cover of Feb 1868 & April 1869 reads The Schoolmate

relevant information: Advertised as The Student and Schoolmaster in 1860 [The Independent]

• On the list of periodicals subscribed to by the Massachusetts State Reform School in 1867. [Twenty-First Annual Report]

relevant quote: The intention: “The objects of this Magazine are to supply a want long felt by teachers: First—A Monthly Class Reader, coming with something new and interesting each month, to awaken fresh and deeper interest in the reading exercises. second—New Speeches and Dialogues for School Declamation. Third—A Magazine that will more intimately unite the instruction of school with reading in the family, while it stimulates youth to improvement. Its articles embrace History, Biography, Travels, Poetry, Stories, Natural History, Mechanics, &c.” [advertisement. New England Farmer]

absorbed: Forrester’s Boys’ and Girls’ Magazine, and Fireside Companion ; Jan 1848-Dec 1857

source of information: 1857-1864, 1867, scattered issues; April 1869 issue; 1861-1871, bound volumes; Lyon; Kelly; Men Who Advertise

available: AASHistPer, series 4 & 5

• excerpts in Lessons of War: The Civil War in Children’s Magazines, ed. James Marten. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources, 1998.

• excerpts online

bibliography:

• advertisement. New England Farmer [Boston, Massachusetts] 5 Jan 1856; p. 4.

• notice. Prisoner’s Friend 8 (1 Feb 1856); p. 165.

• notice. Middlebury Register [Middlebury, Vermont] 7 April 1858; p. 2.

• advertisement. The Independent 12 (5 Jan 1860); p. 7.

• Daniel J. Kenny, comp. The American Newspaper Directory. New York: Watson & Co., 1861; pp. 31, 51. [google books]

• notice. Massachusetts Teacher and Journal of Home and School Education 16 (June 1863); p. 219.

• notice of Aug issue and of new Boston publisher. Urbana Union 2 (2 Sept 1863); p. 1.

• Franklin B. Hough. “Newspapers and Other Periodicals,” in Census of the State of New York, for 1865. Albany, New York: Charles Van Benthuysen & Sons, 1867; pp. 592-593.

• notice. The Ladies’ Repository Nov 1867; p. 398. [google books]

• “The Student and Schoolmate.” Bellows Falls [Bellows Falls, Vermont] 27 Dec 1867; p. 2.

• Twenty-First Annual Report of the Trustees of the State Reform School. Boston, Massachusetts: Wright & Potter, 1868; p. 18. [google books]

• notice. The Children’s Friend (West Chester, Pennsylvania) 3 (Eleventh month 1868); p. 356. online

• Geo. P. Rowell & Co’s American Newspaper Directory. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1869; p. 46. [archive.org]

• “Magazines for the Young.” Massachusetts Teacher and Journal of Home and School Education 23 (Jan 1870); p. 37-38.

• The Men Who Advertise. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1870; p. 666. [google books]

• Geo. P. Rowell & Co.’s American Newspaper Directory. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1872; p. 75. [archive.org]

• Harriet L. Matthews. “Children’s Magazines.” Bulletin of Bibliography. 1 (April 1899); p. 133-136.

• Betty Longenecker Lyon. “A History of Children’s Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899.” PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 146, 152, 158, 202, 224-228, 291.

• Children’s Periodicals of the United States, ed. R. Gordon Kelly. Westport, Connecticut & London, England: Greenwood Press, 1984.

• James Marten. “For the Good, the True, and the Beautiful: Northern Children’s Magazines and the Civil War.” Civil War History 41 (March 1995); p. 57-75.

• Lessons of War: The Civil War in Children’s Magazines, ed. James Marten. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources, 1998.

edited by: 1872, H. Liebhart

published: Cincinnati, Ohio: L. Swormstedt & A. Poe, 1856-7 June 1860.

• Cincinnati, Ohio: A. Poe & L. Hitchcock, 14 June 1860-1865?

• Cincinnati, Ohio: Hitchcock & Walden, 1866?-July? 1880.

• Arndt lists later publishers

frequency: weekly • semimonthly, 1861, 1872

description: 4 pp.; large quarto

• 1857: price, 25¢/ year

• 1872: 4 pp.; page size, 21″ h x 15″ w; price, 40¢/ year

• Circulation: 1857, 8643. 1861, 14,500

• German-language periodical

• Religious focus: German Methodist Church

source of information: Arndt; Fraser; Kenny; Rowell; Ladies’ Repository

available: AAS series 5 (1876 only)

bibliography:

• “Editor’s Table: Business of the Western Book Concern.” The Ladies’ Repository 17 (April 1857); p. 256.

• “Literary Notices: Our Periodical Press.” The Ladies’ Repository 17 (Dec 1857); p. 757.

• “Literary, Scientific, and Statistical Items: Sunday School Periodicals.” The Ladies’ Repository 21 (May 1861); p. 313.

• Daniel J. Kenny, comp. The American Newspaper Directory. New York: Watson & Co., 1861; p. 56. [google books]

• Geo. P. Rowell & Co.’s American Newspaper Directory. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1872; p. 140. [archive.org]

• Karl J. R. Arndt & May E. Olson. German-American Newspapers and Periodicals: 1732-1955. Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer Publishers, 1961.

• Sybille Fraser. “German Language Children’s and Youth Periodicals in North America: A Checklist.” Phaedrus 6 (Spring 1979); pp. 27-31.

cover/masthead: 1857

edited by: 1856-1857, G. M. Dilworth • 1858, W. H. Whitehead

published: West Chester, Pennsylvania: G. M. Dilworth, 1856-1857; at the “office of the Republican & Democrat, North High Street, next door to Agricultural Warehouse” • West Chester, Pennsylvania: S. L. Tucker, 1858.

frequency: monthly

description: 1856-Jan 1857: 4 pp.; page size untrimmed, 9.25″ h x 6.5″ w; price, 25¢/ year • 1857-1858: 4 pp.; page size untrimmed, 12″ h x 9.25″ w; price, 25¢/year

• Dec 1856 is vol 1 #9; May 1857 is vol 2 #2 (whole #14); March 1858 is vol 1 #12 (whole #24)

• May-July 1857 contains the only serial to appear in the periodical: “A Villain Foiled,” by D. C. M. F. X. V.

relevant quote: “In the local column of the Public Ledger, some time ago we noticed a very flashy, (that is to say it was calculated to attract much attention,) notice of a little monthly paper, like our own, called ‘The Young Examiner,’ was published by two boys, the eldest of whom was only seventeen. Now we do not feel inclined to envy these young men, but still, we do not think there is anything to very extraordinary about their publishing a paper, for there are two of them, and there is only one of us, and we too are only seventeen, and a leetle more. Some, we suppose, will say if you are only one, why do you use the plural in speaking of yourself. We mean, simply, me and my paper, thus making two. … The question is: ‘Is there anything so very remarkable in the fact, that two boys, in the city of Philadelphia, (where they certainly have greater advantages than we have, here in the country,) publish, “The Young Examiner,” [sic] when one boy, in the borough of West Chester, publishes “Young America” ’ (And here permit us to say that this one boy sets all his own type and works off his own paper, on a hand press, besides writing editorials, selecting copy and doing all the etcetras which belong to the publishing of a newspaper.)” [May 1857; p. 3]

source of information: Dec 1856-March 1858, scattered issues (located in Chester County Historical Society, West Chester, Pennsylvania); Kelly

available: AASHistPer, series 4

bibliography:

• Children’s Periodicals of the United States, ed. R. Gordon Kelly. Westport, Connecticut & London, England: Greenwood Press, 1984.

edited by: Norwood Penrose Hallowell

published: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Norwood Penrose Hallowell.

frequency: semimonthly

description: Page size, 11″ h

• 6 issues total

• Religious focus: Society of Friends (Quaker)

relevant information:

• Hallowell was 17 when he edited the Spectator.

• Though born into a Quaker family, Hallowell served in the Union army, eventually serving as colonel of the 55th Massachusetts infantry, the second African-American regiment in Massachusetts; his brother commanded the first African-American regiment, the 54th. [“With Dear Ones About Him”]

source of information: NUC; OCLC; articles, below

bibliography:

• “With Dear Ones About Him.” The Boston Globe [Boston, Massachusetts] 14 April 1903; p. 3.

• “Col. Norwood P. Hallowell Dead.” The New York Times [New York, New York] 12 April 1914; p. 3.

published: Cleveland, Ohio: W. F. Schneider, 1856?-after 1872

frequency: 1856-1860, monthly; 1861-1876, semimonthly; 1879, weekly, semimonthly, monthly

description: 4 pp.; small folio

• Circulation: 1856, 5000 • 1861, 2,100 • 1868, 14,000 • 1879, 30,000

• German-language periodical

• Religious focus: Evangelical

relevant information:

• The Ladies’ Repository, in 1861, lists the place of publication as Bremen.

• Apparently this is the periodical listed as Christliche Vunderfreund in the report of the 1868 General Conference.

source of information: Arndt; Fraser; Rowell; Ladies’ Repository; 1868 “General”; Johnson

available: AASHistPer, series 5 (1876 only)

• “ ‘May I Beg You, Please, Sir?’ ”—from the Kinderfreund— was published in the Zion’s Herald and Wesleyan Journal (19 Sept 1866).

bibliography:

• “Literary, Scientific, and Statistical Items: Sunday School Periodicals.” The Ladies’ Repository 21 (May 1861); p. 313.

• “General Conference of 1868.” Western Christian Advocate 35 (27 May 1868); p. 169.

• Geo. P. Rowell & Co.’s American Newspaper Directory. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1872; p. 141. [archive.org]

• Crisfield Johnson, comp. History of Cuyahoga County, Ohio. N.p.: D. W. Ensign & Co., 1879; p. 196-197. [archive.org]

• Karl J. R. Arndt & May E. Olson. German-American Newspapers and Periodicals: 1732-1955. Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer Publishers, 1961.

• Sybille Fraser. “German Language Children’s and Youth Periodicals in North America: A Checklist.” Phaedrus 6 (Spring 1979); pp. 27-31.

edited by: John Peter Shindel Gobin (J. P. Shindel Gobin)

published: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Shaw & Gobin

frequency: monthly

relevant information:

• Apparently intended for teenagers

• The Junior Sons of America were an organization inspired by the anti-immigrant philosophies of the Know-Nothing Party. The Star apparently printed the details of a celebration organized by the Junior Sons of the 125th anniversary of George Washington’s birth.

• Late in the 19th century, Gobin became involved in politics, serving as a senator in the Pennsylvania legislature and running for other public offices. The Star was mentioned in many descriptions of Gobin, probably because it signaled his political leanings.

relevant quotes:

• On the founding and brief career of the Star: “Young Gobin was indentured and served four years apprenticeship as a printer in the office of the old Sunbury American under H. B. Mosser, from whom he received his ‘freedom papers’ upon completing his time and trade. During this period he polished off his English education and read law. Then he trudged to Philadelphia and embarked in the newspaper business, publishing the Star of Youth, an organ of the Junior Sons of America. This venture was a failure and young Gobin trudged back to Sunbury again ‘dead broke.’ ” [“Gubernatorial Gallery”] “Trudging” was the theme in another description: “After completing his trade, [Gobin] came as a green country boy to Philadelphia, and, with the enthusiasm of youth and a cocurageous disposition, founded a newspaper of his own. It was called the ‘Star of Youth,’ and was intended to be the especial organ of the ‘Junior Sons of America,’ but the public did not seem to yearn for such a paper at that time and he suspended publication after losing all his savings. Then he trudged back to Sunbury, and, keeping himself alive by teaching school half the year, he read law with General John K. Clement and M. L. Shindel.” [Campaign Text-Book; p. 16]

• A description: “The paper will advocate American principles, and we believe is intended to be particularly devoted to the interest of the younger portion of that party. Although we do not agree in our political sentiments with Mr. Gobin, yet we would be pleased to see his enterprise crowned with success.” [notice. Sunbury Gazette]

source of information: notices, etc., below

bibliography:

• notice. The Sunbury Gazette [Sunbury, Pennsylvania] 1 Nov 1856; p. 2.

• The Star of Youth. The Sunbury Gazette, and Northumberland County Republican [Sunbury, Pennsylvania] 13 Dec 1856; p. 2.

• “Third Annual Celebration.” Sunbury American [Sunbury, Pennsylvania] 28 Feb 1857; p. 2.

• “Gubernatorial Gallery—No. 22: The Lebanon Leader” [J. P. Shindel Gobin] The Times [Philadelphia, Pennsylvania] 24 March 1890; p. 3.

• A Campaign Text-Book for 1898. Published by Authority of the Republican State Committee of Pennsylvania. Printed West Chester, Pennsylvania: The Village Record Print, n. d.

cover/masthead: 1867, 1869

edited by: 1867-1869, L. N. Stratton

• 1869-1870, Adam Crooks

• 1872: Adam Crooks; L. N. Stratton

published: Syracuse, New York: Adam Crooks, 1869-1872.

frequency: semimonthly: 1st & 3rd Wednesday

description: 1867-1869: 4 pp.; price, 35¢/ year

• 1869-1872: 4 pp.; page size, 20″ h x 14″ w; price, 1 copy, 30¢/ year

• 1885: 8 pp.

• Circulation: 1870, 7,500

• Religious focus: Methodist

relevant information: Listed as part of Centennial newspaper exhibition, 1876 [Centennial]

source of information: AASHistPer, series 5; Rowell; Centennial ; International

available: AASHistPer, series 5

bibliography:

• Geo. P. Rowell & Co’s American Newspaper Directory. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1869; p. 81. [archive.org]

• The Men Who Advertise. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1870; p. 712. [google books]

• Geo. P. Rowell & Co.’s American Newspaper Directory. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1872; pp. 133-134. [archive.org]

• Centennial Newspaper Exhibiton, 1876. New York: G. P. Rowell & Co., 1876.; p. 121; online at Making of America, Michigan

• S. N. D. North. History and Present Condition of the Newspaper and Periodical Press of the United States, with a Catalogue of the Publications of the Census Year [1880]. N.p.: N.p., n.d.; p. 304. [google books]

• The International Cyclopedia. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1885; vol 15, p. 359. [google books]

cover/masthead: 1864

edited by: 1857?-1875?, J. C. Beinhauer • 1864: Imanuel Boehringer • 1870-1872, C. Bank

published: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: August Pohlig & Co.; 1870-1872, office at 54 N. 6th St.

• Chambersburg, Pennsylvania

• Cleveland, Ohio: Deutsches Verlagshaus.

• All for the Deutsch-Reformirte Kirche in den Vereinigten Staaten

frequency: 1857-1875, monthly • 1875-1940, semimonthly

description: 4 pp. • German-language periodical

• 1864: Page size, 9.25″ h •

• 1866: Price, 40¢/ year

• 1870-1872: page size, 21″ h x 15″ w

• AAS copy is 15 April 1864, marked vol 2 #4

• OCLC describes a copy which is 15 volumes in one; beginning date is 1857; Arndt lists a beginning date of 1858, but questions it; therefore, I have listed the beginning date as 1857.

• Circulation: 1866, abt 4000; 1871, 9000; 1880, 7000

• Religious focus: German Reformed Church

relevant quotes:

• The form changed in Jan 1866: “The January and February numbers of this children’s monthly has been issued in its new form. The other numbers will now follow in due succession. Its friends will find it to be an advance on the former issue.” [German]

• Like most periodicals, it sometimes teetered on the brink of financial ruin, as the editor pointed out in 1866: “The question now remains to be settled, Shall it be sustained? We start with a subscription list of a little over four thousand. To cover expenses and insure its continuance, this number must be increased to at least twenty thousand.” [German]

absorbed: Der Morgenstern

source of information: OCLC; AAS catalog; Arndt; Rowell

available: AASHistPer, series 4

bibliography:

• “The ‘Laemmerhirte.’ ” German Reformed Messenger 31 (14 Feb 1866); p. 2.

• The Men Who Advertise. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1870; p. 735. [google books]

• Geo. P. Rowell & Co.’s American Newspaper Directory. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1872; p. 162. [archive.org]

• Karl J. R. Arndt & May E. Olson. German-American Newspapers and Periodicals: 1732-1955. Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer Publishers, 1961.

edited by: “Uncle Stephen”

published: New York, New York: Edward H. Fletcher; publisher at 29 Ann St.

frequency: “monthly”: my bound copy apparently has 24 issues, with 8 issues in volume 1 and 16 issues in vol 2.

description: 16 pp.; page size, 9″ h x 5.25″ w; price, 10¢/ each, $1/ year in advance

• Stereotyped pages from the original Parley’s Magazine were reprinted inside elaborate borders which enlarge the page size to match that of other children’s magazines of the 1850s. In the bound volume, unnumbered pages containing editorial material are added to individual issues.

• In 1855, Fletcher stitched together pieces from various sources, including Parley’s Magazine, into Parley’s Household Library; A Perpetual Fund of Instruction

relevant quotes:

• “It is gratifying to observe that in these times of financial trouble and difficulty, the periodical literature of land [sic] suffers no more. … Uncle Stephen greets some new acquaintance every month, and though our magazine commences in times of adversity, yet it steadily gains its way.” [“Editorial.” (Nov?)]

• “This Magazine is just what its title purports:—1st. A re-print of the old Parley’s Magazine excepting some articles of a temporary or local character, relating to the time when they were published: 2nd. New Matter, Editorials, &c., by the present Editor (’Uncle Stephen.’) That Parley’s Magazine was the best work of the kind that has ever been published is so palpable as to need no demonstration. In re-editing, every thing valuable in ‘modern improvement,’ will be availed of, and a work presented that on the whole shall give back to the subscribers a full equivalent for his little outlay.” [title page] The final product is a quilt of 20-year-old material ham-handedly fitted together, with a few pieces from the 1850s added.

• “Uncle Stephen feels gratified by the success of the Magazine. The publisher has been obliged to re-print the September number, which he was very happy to do.” [“Our Prospects.” 1 (Oct)]

source of information: bound volume

edited by: R. Phipps

published: New York, New York: Brown, Loomis & Co.; publisher at 15 Dutch St.

frequency: monthly

description: Page size, 10.25″ h. Prices: 12¢ or 12ġ¢/ issue; $1.50/ year. Different notices and advertisements list different prices for a single issue

relevant information:

• May issue published April 18

• New-York Tribune printed contents for June issue [19 May 1857]

relevant quotes:

• The publishers were responsible for other “illuminated” works: “This firm are noted for presenting to the juvenile public a series of the most elegant Illuminated Books which have been issued in this country. The first number of their new Magazine for Young People is now before us, and it appears to be a continuage of the same general design embrased in their former works.” [in anchor-shaped advertisement]

• The first advertisements tried for intimacy: “We are much of the opinion of good Oliver Godsmith, that the pleasantest sight in the world is a group of happy faces; and of all happy faces, those of children are to us the most beautiful. Such an assembly we wish to gather around us every month, and we have therefore resolved to prepare a young people’s magazine. If we succeed in our intention in storing it with an excellent vari[e]ty, just suited to the youthful fancy and the keen, fresh tastes of children, how happy shall we all be when we gather by the evening table and look into the welcome face of this new friend! Be prepared then; young friends, to receive us and take us to your hearts with open arms.” [New York Daily Herald 21 March 1857]

• The New York Herald warned writers that children of 1857 were a sophisticated lot: “We depart from our usual rule of not noticing serials, to bestow a few words of passing commendation on this pretty little periodical. The articles are well written, and are just what are suited to publications of this sort, being neither too elaborate in style, nor yet written down below the level of children’s comprehensions, an error but too common now a-days. Writers for the growing generation should recollect that they have to cater for a fast age, and that the pabulum which they have to provide for youthful minds must be of a somewhat different character from that which was supplied to them in their own juvenile days. American children are proverbially precocious, thanks to the over-indulgence and folly of their parents, and the conductors of publications like the present do well to turn the fact to an account likely to prove profitable both to their readers and themselves. The magazine is prettily illustrated, and will no doubt find favor with a large class of juvenile readers.” [22 March 1857]

• The Brooklyn Evening Star described the May issue: “This beautiful and valuable monthly for the young people should be subscribed to by every father or other; for the good of the spouts is the good of the parent stem. The May number is embellished with an engraving on wood—and tinted in a style peculiar to this magazine—entitled ‘Bob learning a new song.’ Bob, a country stripling—little more than an overgrown boy—is at the barn door with a new song in his hand, (probably ‘John Dean and his own Mary Ann’) and his mouth wide open, while two listening children are seen in the foreground, with a usical dog, evidently aiding Boby by howling in concert; a chanticleer crowing a lusty chorus on an adjacent fence, and an intelligent looking horse in the background, who seems to enjoy the song as much as Bob himself. The reading matter is well adapted to the capacity of the rising generation, while it is perfectly free from ‘petty talk or baby prattle.’ … There are seven illustrations, thirteen articles, a riddle and an anagram in the May number.” [23 April 1857]

source of information: OCLC; notices, etc., below

available: “Three Times a Day” was reprinted by several newspapers; one of the earliest was the Democratic Pioneer [Elizabeth City, North Carolina; 26 May 1857; p. 1]

bibliography:

• “Something New.” New York Daily Herald [New York, New York] 21 March 1857; p. 6.

• “The Young People’s Magazine.” New York Daily Herald [New York, New York] 22 March 1857; p. 4.

• A. Rose has for sale. Hartford Courant [Hartford, Connecticut] 30 March 1857; p. 2.

• “A Fresh Supply of New Books and Magazines at French’s.” Alexandria Gazette [Alexandria, Virginia] 3 April 1857; p. 2.

• advertisement. Harper’s Weekly 1 (4 April 1857); p. 224.

• “Only 12½ Cents.” New York Daily Herald [New York, New York] 9 April 1857; p. 10.

• anchor-shaped advertisement. New-York Tribune [New York, New York] 18 April 1857; p. 1.

• “Young People’s Illuminated Magazine.” Brooklyn Evening Star [Brooklyn, New York] 23 April 1857; p. 2.

• “Magazines for May.” Buffalo Morning Express and Illustrated Buffalo Express [Buffalo, New York] 28 April 1857; p. 3.

• “Periodicals and Pamphlets. The Times-Picayune [New Orleans, Louisiana] 29 April 1857; p. 1.

• “Best and Cheapest.” The New York Herald [New York, New York] 29 April 1857;p. 6. Also, New-York Tribune [New York, New York] 11 May 1857; p. 1.

• “Now Ready: The Young People’s Illuminated Magazine.” The Water Cure Journal 23 (May 1857); p. 120.

• “The Best Number of the Best Magazine.” New-York Tribune [New York, New York] 19 May 1857; p. 1.

• Trow’s New York City Directory. New York: J. F. Trow, 1857; p. 910.

cover/masthead: 1857

edited by: “Uncle Ezekiel Loveyouth” [Joseph F. Witherell]

published: Dexter, Maine

frequency: monthly; “the first of every month”

description: 4 pp.; folio; page size untrimmed, 15.25″ h x 10.75″ w. Price: 25¢/ year • Pages in the June 1857 issue are not numbered

relevant quote: “The Youth’s Cabinet & Little Joker [i]s a first class Juvenile Paper, devoted to pure and elegant literature, presented in a form adapted to the tastes and capacities of youth. Each number will contain a carefully selected and tastefully arranged Melange of Tales, Sketches, Poetry, Essays, Enigmas, Puzzles, Editorials, &c. &c. And as “A little nonsense now and then,/ Is relished by the best of men,” we conclude it will not be repugnant to the literary palates of our young friends, we shall, therefore, devote a portion of the paper to Anecdotes, Wit, Humor, &c.” [“The Youth’s Cabinet & Little Joker.” Youth’s Cabinet and Little Joker. 1 (June 1857); p. 4]

relevant information:

• Witherell edited Uncle Ezekiel’s Youth’s Cabinet (May 1844-15 March 1846?), published in Concord, New Hampshire. After moving his family to Maine, Witherell opened a printing shop and published The Gem and Literary Gazette for adults. In 1857, the front page of the Gem bore an amusing resemblance to that of the Cabinet, with the same borders, the same font in the masthead, and the same “Poet’s Boudoir” at top of column one.

• Regularly advertised in the Gem in 1857, the Cabinet is not mentioned in issues for 1859; probably it had folded.

• “The Little Joker” was a regular column in The Gem and Literary Gazette.

• The names and addresses of subscribers were published in each issue. The 100 subscribers listed in the June 1857 issue were mostly from Maine; a handful of subscribers were from Massachusetts, and one was from Grand Rapids, Michigan.

• New subscribers were promised a veritable avalanche of premiums, distributed in a complex method. Premiums included “Ten Bound Volumes Little Joker” (an illustrated collection of humorous stories which may have appeared originally in the Gem), “Ten Bound Volumes Youth’s Cabinet” (a 92-page collection of stories, poems, and other pieces which may have appeared earlier in Uncle Ezekiel’s Youth’s Cabinet), and one year of The Schoolfellow. Unfortunately for Witherell, the Schoolfellow merged with Robert Merry’s Museum in Sept 1857.

source of information: June 1857 issue; scrapbook & vertical file articles, & pieces in The Gem and Literary Gazette, at the Dexter Historical Society, Dexter, Maine

bibliography:

• advertisement. Maine Farmer 25 (16 April 1857); p. 3.

• “A Phunny Phellow.” Bangor Daily Whig and Courier [Bangor, Maine] 22 May 1857; p. 2.

cover/masthead: 1869 | 1872

edited by: 1 April 1857-1868, Alexander Clark.

• 1860, Alexander Clark; A. E. Brindley (“Uncle Edward”)

• 1862, Alexander Clark; T. Greenwood Hammond

• 1867, William Clark (“Uncle Charlie”); Emily R. Freeman.

• 1868-April 1875, William Clark; Mr. J. W. Daughaday; Mr. J. A. Becker; Alice Hawthorne (music dept.)

published:

• Knoxville, Ohio, 1857.

• Steubenville, Ohio.

• Cleveland, Ohio.

• Jeddo, Ohio, 1861.

• Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Alexander Clark, 1858-1859.

• Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Daughaday, Hammond & Co., Aug 1860; publishers at 411 Walnut St.

• Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: J. W. Daughaday, 1860-1875; publisher at 1308 Chestnut St., 1865-1867

• Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Daughaday & Hammond, 1863.

• Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Daughaday & Becker, 1869-1870; publisher at 424 Walnut St., 1869; publisher at 1031 Walnut St., 1870

• Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: J. W. Daughaday & Co., 1872; publisher at 434 and 436 Walnut St.

frequency: monthly

description:

• 1857: prices: 1 copy, 30¢/ year; 12 copies, 25¢/ year

• 1860: 8 pp. 1864: 16 pp.; octavo; price, 50¢/ year.

• 1862: 16 pp.; price, 50¢/ year; new subscribers, 25¢/ year

• 1863: price, 50¢/ year

• 1865: price, 75¢/ year

• 1867: 32 pp.; price, $1.25/ year

• 1869: 32 pp.; page size untrimmed, 10″ h x 7″ w; price, $1.25/ year

• Circulation: 1870, 20,000; 1872, 15,000

relevant quotes:

• On the founding of the magazine: “At seventeen years of age [Clark] became a teacher, and continued in the service for about six years. During this time he conceived the idea of a schoolday paper, and started the School Visitor, afterwards the Schoolday Magazine, for a time setting his own type and working the editions upon a hand-press.” [“Alexander Clark” 222]

• The Visitor wasn’t your father’s paper: “CHILDREN, SEND FOR YOUR OWN School Paper. You would be delighted with it, and never be content to con your father’s dry, prosy, political paper. … Will you try, Little Folks? Well, send for a sample copy and prospectus. Will you receive this little paper, read it and write for it? i want to hear.” [advertisement. Belmont Chronicle 4 June 1857]

• The Visitor was intended for school and for home: “The Visitor is a quarto monthly paper, containing, in pleasing variety, Useful Stories, Readings, Dialogues, Poetry, Sketches of Travel, Music, (in round and seven-shaped notes,) Songs, Enigmas, Puzzles, Educational News, and Fine Engravings. … Winter Schools and long Evenings are at hand. GET IT FOR A SCHOOL READER. GET IT FOR A HOME COMPANION.” [advertisement. Franklin Repository 19 Oct 1859]

• Changes in the Vistor for 1867: “That very popular young people’s Magazine, Clark’s School Visitor, will be enlarged to double its present size, and otherwise materially improved with the beginning of the next volume in January. Its name then will also be changed to ‘Our Schoolday Visitor,’ a title, we think, more unique and beautiful.” [“Our Schoolday Visitor—Enlargement”]

• At least one editor felt that Clark was radical: “Mr. Clark is a preacher and editor in Pittsburg, a thorough radical in its scriptural meaning, making his journal, The Schoolday Visitor, a vehicle of the most advanced claims of the day ….” [review of The Gospel in the Trees]

• On the final name change: “Hereafter our Magazine will be known as The Schoolday Magazine, instead of The Schoolday Visitor Magazine, as heretofore. This change has been made in order to distinguish our publication more clearly, from the numerous ‘Visitors’ that are now being published. It has not been decided upon hastily, but upon mature consideration, and after calling a council of many of the ‘Visitor’s’ most devoted friends. The new name is only a modification of the old, and is shorter, more euphonious and more easily remembered. It tells at once, without explanation, as with the old precisely what our periodical claims to be, a Magazine for the schooldays, a period that reaches from the time we lisp our ‘first lessons’ by a mother’s knee until we go out to take our places in the business of life. A magazine, not for the school only, but for the home circle as well. [“A Special Word.” 16 (Dec 1872); p. 335.]

relevant information:

• Stephen Foster, “the well known song writer,” is listed as a “regular musical contributor” in 1861. [advertisement. The Connecticut Common School Journal and Annals of Education Dec 1861]

• The Holmes County Farmer printed contents for Jan 1862 and some for Feb 1862 [30 Jan 1862; p. 3]

• Contents for Feb 1869 were described in The Evening Telegraph [26 Jan 1869]

• In 1872, an engraving of “Uncle Charlie” was made available as a premium for subscribers; a copy of the engraving was printed on page 331 of the Dec 1872 issue.

absorbed:

• The Youth’s Temperance Visitor (Feb 1860-April 1861, Sept 1862-April 1872)

• Young People’s Helper • Young People’s Helper and Temperance Visitor (1862-April 1872)

• “The Schoolday Visitor Magazine, published by J. W. Daughaday & Co., Philadelphia, comes to our table for May, we think with a richer feast for its readers than ever, and we notice in its publishers’ announcements, that they have just purchased and consolidated into it, two other juvenile periodicals, the Youth’s Temperance Visitor and the Young People’s Helper. We wish the editors and publishers of this charming magazine all the success they can have, for they well merit it, and we advise our young friends to take it.” [“Three in One”] The Schoolday Visitor offered its new subscribers a discount for back issues: “We will send to all our ‘Helper’ and ‘Temperance Visitor’ friends the four back numbers of our Magazine from January to April for Twenty-five cents. Send for them and have the full and complete volume for 1872 at the end of the year.” [“Twenty Five Cents.” 16 (Aug 1872); p. 224]

absorbed by: St. Nicholas ; Nov 1873-Feb 1940, 1943

source of information: 1869, 1870, 1872 scattered issues; American Phrenological Journal ; Youth’s Companion ; notices, etc., below; OCLC

available: AASHistPer, series 5

bibliography:

• advertisement. Belmont Chronicle [St. Clairsville, Ohio] 4 June 1857; p. 3.

• Clark’s School Visitor. Lewistown Gazette [Lewistown, Pennsylvania] 28 Oct 1858; p. 2.

• advertisement. The Franklin Repoistory [Chambersburg, Pennsylvania] 19 Oct 1859; p. 2.

• notice. Massachusetts Teacher and Journal of Home and School Education 12 (Nov 1859); p. 442.

• “Book Notices.” The Connecticut Common School Journal and Annals of Education 7 (Feb 1860); p. 64.

• advertisement. The Youth’s Companion 34 (15 March 1860); p. 43.

• “Clark’s School Visitor.” Altoona Tribune [Altoona, Pennsylvania] 23 Aug 1860; p. 2.

• advertisement. The Youth’s Companion 34 (27 Sept 1860); p. 155.

• advertisement. The Independent (15 Nov 1860); p. 8.

• advertisement. The Connecticut Common School Journal and Annals of Education 8 (Dec 1861); p. 390.

• Daniel J. Kenny, comp. The American Newspaper Directory. New York: Watson & Co., 1861; p. 57. [google books]

• “Clark’s School Visitor.” The Pittsburgh Gazette [Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania] 4 Jan 1862; p. 3.

• “Clark’s School Visitor.” The Summit County Beacon [Akron, Ohio] 16 Jan 1862; p. 3.

• “Clark’s School Visitor.” Holmes County Farmer [Millersburg, Ohio] 30 Jan 1862; p. 3.

• advertisement. American Phrenological Journal 36 (Dec 1862); p. 134.

• “Book Notices.” The Connecticut Common School Journal and Annals of Education 10 (Jan 1863); p. 30.

• “Clark’s School Visitor—A Day School Monthly.” The Star and Enterprise [Newville, Pennsylvania] 1 Jan 1863; p. 2.

• advertisement. The Summit County Beacon [Akron, Ohio] 1 Jan 1863; p. 2.

• “Alexander Clark.” American Phrenological Journal 37 (April 1863); p. 85.

• advertisement. American Phrenological Journal 37 (April 1863); p. 94.

• “Book Notices.” Massachusetts Teacher and Journal of Home and School Education 16 (June 1863); p. 220.

• advertisement. The Liberator 34 (1 Jan 1864); p. 3.

• “Literary Notices.” American Educational Monthly 1 (March 1864); p. 96.

• “Book Notices.” The Connecticut Common School Journal and Annals of Education 11 (July 1864); p. 219.

• “Clark’s School Visitor—Volume X.” Raftsman’s Journal [Clearfield, Pennsylvania] 15 Nov 1865; p. 3.

• “Our School-Day Visitor—Enlargement.” Columbia Democrat and Star of the North [Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania] 7 Nov 1866; p. 2. Also, Bedford Gazette [Bedford, Pennsylvania] 9 Nov 1866; p. 3. Also, American Citizen [Butler, Pennsylvania] 14 Nov 1866; p. 3.

• advertisement. The Round Table 4 (17 Nov 1866); p. 250.

• “Our Schoolday Visitor.” American Phrenological Journal 45 (Jan 1867); p. 30.

• advertisement. Godey’s Lady’s Book and Magazine 74 (Jan 1867); p. 105.

• Our Schoolday Visitor. The American Israelite [Cincinnati, Ohio] 22 March 1867; p. P3.

• advertisement. Godey’s Lady’s Book and Magazine 76 (Jan 1868); p. 109.

• review of The Gospel in the Trees. Zion’s Herald 46 (9 July 1868); p. 329.

• advertisement. Scientific American 20 (7 Oct 1868); p. 239.

• “Literary Notes.” The Burlington Free Press [Burlington, Vermont] 31 Oct 1868; p. 6.

• “Children’s Magazines.” The St. Johnsbury Caledonian [St. Johnsbury, Vermont] 13 Nov 1868; p. 2.

• The School Day Vis[it]or. Monmouth Democrat [Freehold, New Jersey] 26 Nov 1868; p. 3.

• “General Grant and His Family.” The Evening Telegraph [Philadelphia, Pennsylvania] 5 Jan 1869; p. 8.

• “Literature”: Our School-day Visitor. The Evening Telegraph [Philadelphia, Pennsylvania] 26 Jan 1869; p. 6.

• notice of April issue. The Evening Telegraph [Philadelphia, Pennsylvania] 27 March 1869; p. 6.

• Our Schoolday Visitor comes regularly. Manhattan Nationalist [Manhattan, Kansas] 23 Oct 1869; p. 3.

• advertisement. The Independent 21 (28 Oct 1869); p. 6.

• The Men Who Advertise. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1870; p. 736. [google books]

• “The Publishers’ Department.” Herald of Health 15 (Jan 1870); p. 48.

• “Periodicals for the Young.” Technologist March 1870; p. 56.

• The Young People’s Magazine. Altoona Tribune [Altoona, Pennsylvania] 7 Dec 1870; p. 2.

• “School-Day Visitor.” The Lincoln County Herald [Troy, Missouri] 16 Feb 1871; p. 3.

• Geo. P. Rowell & Co.’s American Newspaper Directory. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1872; p. 162. [archive.org]

• “Three in One.” The Athens Gleaner [Athens, Pennsylvania] 2 May 1872; p. 2. Also, Sterling Standard [Sterling, Illinois] 2 May 1872; p. 1.

• advertisement. New York Evangelist 43 (21 Nov 1872); p. 5.

• “Alexander Clark.” In Matthew Simpson. Cyclopaedia of Methodism, 5th rev. ed. Philadelphia: Louis H. Everts, 1883; pp. 222-223. [google books]

• Sheldon Emmor Davis. Educational Periodicals During the Nineteenth Century, Bureau of Education Bulletin no. 28. Washington, District of Columbia: Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education, 1919; p. 97. [archive.org]

• Betty Longenecker Lyon. “A History of Children’s Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899.” PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 147, 151, 152, 153, 229-235, 318, 376.

cover/masthead: 1857-1858

edited by: Mary Bartol

published: Portland, Maine: George R. Davis & Bro., 1857-1858; printed Ira Berry, Corner Fore & Exchange Streets

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year; volume begins with May issue

description: 36 pp.; page size untrimmed, 8″ h x 5″ w; price, $1/ year in advance

relevant quote: Prospectus: “The Child’s Magazine is offered to the Public, in the hope that its aim may be successful. The Editor will strive to present, in its pages, articles of a serious and agreeable nature, such as may attract the fancy and fix the attention of the young. Stories, miscellaneous matter, and anecdotes of animals will appear in its numbers. In the former will be given examples of moral principle, as applied to daily, practical life; in the miscellany will be offered what may be gleaned from the stores of wise minds, both of the past and present age; and in anecdotes of animals, will be illustrated, in the department of Natural History, that wonderful system of Divine Providence which ‘careth for the sparrow’ and ‘clothes the lilies of the field.’ … Subscriptions may be addressed to Ira Berry, Printer, corner Fore and Exchange Streets, Portland.” [vol 1; back cover (cover page 4)]

source of information: Nov 1857 issue; Feb 1858 issue; Lyon; AAS catalog; New York Public Library catalog

bibliography:

• notice. The Monthly Religious Magazine and Independent Journal 17 (May 1857); p. 368.

• review. The North American Review 85 (July 1857); p. 277.

• “Editor’s Table.” Maine Farmer 26 (22 April 1858); p. 2.

• Betty Longenecker Lyon. “A History of Children’s Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899.” PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; p. 147.

cover/masthead: 1857-1858

edited by: James H. Lee

published: Charlestown, Massachusetts: James H. Lee.

description: 4 pp.; page size, 7″ h; price, 25¢/ year

relevant quotes:

• The first issue included some modesty: “We beg the indulgence of our subscribers for any imperfections which may have occurred in the printing of this number, owing to our inexperience, we will endeavor to reach a higher de- [sic] of excellence in our future numbers.” [1 (May 1857; p. 4] The first page on the copy in the AAS is indeed poorly printed.

• The last issue included some regrets probably unique to amateur editors: “By reference to the first page of this paper you will notice that this is the last number for which we have pledged ourselves; it is late, we know but still here it is, and we are compelled to shelter ourselves behind that most convenient proverb ‘Better late than never.’ Our readers must, perceive that it would be foolish for us to attempt to continue this paper another year, and therefore, making our best bow, we must retire from the Editorial Chair. Before leaving that seat of dignity, however, we must take occasion to thank our readers for their patience with us while they have been receiving their papers six or eight months behind time.” [1 (April 1858); p. 4]

source of information: OCLC; AASHistPer

available: AASHistPer, series 4

edited by: W. G. Reed; J. B. Gardner

published: Roxbury, Massachusetts: Reed & Gardner; publisher at corner of Centre St. and Smith St.

frequency: biweekly, Monday; no issues in Aug

description: 3 volumes

source of information: OCLC; Lyon

bibliography:

• Betty Longenecker Lyon. “A History of Children’s Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899.” PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; p. 147.

edited by: John Hageman

published: Cincinnati, Ohio: John Hageman.

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: Page size, 11.75″ h

source of information: OCLC

edited by: Martin J. Kerney

published: Baltimore, Maryland: J. Murphy. Baltimore, Maryland: John Murphy & Co.; publisher at 182 Baltimore St., 1857, 1861

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: 1857: 32 pp.; page size, 6″ h x 4.5″ w

• Religious focus: Catholic

relevant quotes:

• The magazine was designed to counteract the “pernicious” influence of Protestant periodicals: “In presenting to the public a Magazine designed for the use of Catholic youth, it is unnecessary to enlarge on the manifold reasons which demand its publication. Every one conversant with the spirit of the times, and the strenuous efforts which are made to pervert the minds of Catholic youth and to draw them from the Church, will readily admit its importance. Those especially having charge of youth, have experienced the want of such a periodical, and have earnestly solicited its publication. They have witnessed with regret, that while the children of other denominations have been abundantly supplied with Sunday school journals, magazines, and other periodicals adapted to their age, no similar works have been provided for Catholic youth. In this respect we should not permit our neighbors to surpass us. Catholic youth should have a work which they could call their own; one which they would prize, and whose periodical visits they would look forward to with pleasure.” [“Introduction.” 1 (Sept 1857); p. 1]

• The publisher was more blunt as the periodical closed: “Mr. Kerney [the editor] had long harbored the desire of seeing his young countrymen enjoying the benefits to be derived from a periodical suitable to their wants and the exigency of the times. Among the millions of beautifully printed and illustrated children’s magazine scattered over the country by the Protestant press both of England and the United States, he saw nothing that he could recommend to a Catholic family. They were excellent in many respects, but their bigotry, misrepresentation and ignorance on Catholic subjects, rendered them extremely dangerous to the youthful, unsuspecting, but inquiring mind. Mr. Kerney felt it to be a duty incumbent on every Catholic of literary pretensions, to do something towards counteracting the influence of such publication, and of others still more pernicious.” [“Preface to Volume IV.” 4 (Aug 1861): iii]

• The publisher described the magazine as the very essence of Catholicism: “[I]t was to be pervaded by a reverential and loving spirit, a geniality of sentiment, a happy hopefulness, and a broad, warm charity, all so redolent of Catholicity,—in fact, the very essence of the divine old Faith, which, while fully satisfying the head, never fails to fill the heart with active sympathy for our fellow creatures of every race and of every clime.” [“Preface to Volume IV.” 4 (Aug 1861): iv]

• The Youth’s Magazine folded for a variety of reasons: “With this number we close the Fourth Volume of our little Magazine, and we regret to add that, owing to the death of the Editor, and to the lamentable difficulties under which our beloved country is just now laboring, we are compelled to suspend its further publication for the present.” There was, however, another reason not unfamiliar to publishers of early American periodicals for children: money. Like Spare Hours, the Youth’s Magazine was disappointed that Protestant periodicals succeeded where Catholic periodicals failed: “[C]andor compels us to add that, considering the surprisingly low price, (50 cents a year,) at which the work has been issued, we should not have been at all surprised at finding four times the number of names on our subscription list, though even then it would have hardly done more than paid expenses. It was the only publication of the kind in the English language, and the cost was not quite one cent a week!” [“Preface to Volume IV.” 4 (Aug 1861): iv]

• The publisher was, however, hopeful: “As soon as some happy turn (which we pray Providence to hasten,) in our country’s difficulties shall make a revival of the Book-Trade, now so terribly depressed, probable, the publication of our llittle Magazine will be resumed on the same plan as heretofore, and if not with the same ability as was displayed by our lamented and highly esteemed friend [Kerney], at least with the same determination to render it worthy of being welcomed into the bosom of every Catholic family throughout our land.” [“Preface to Volume IV.” 4 (Aug 1861): iv]

relevant information:

• The list of contents of issue #1 was printed in the Baltimore Sun [19 Sept 1847; p. 2.].

• Secondary sources have had a bizarre difficulty with the magazine’s name: 1860, referred to as “The Catholic Youth’s Monthly” [Schem; p. 72]; 1866, referred to as the “Youth’s Catholic Magazine”; 1869, referred to as “The Youth’s Magazine”; 1912, referred to as “Child’s Youth’s Magazine.”

source of information: 1857-1861 vols; AAS catalog; OCLC; Burns

available: AASHistPer, series 4

bibliography:

• “Just Published—No. 1 for September.” The Baltimore Sun [Baltimore, Maryland] 19 Sept 1857; p. 2.

• notice by O. E. Duffy. Evening Star [Washington, District of Columbia] 31 Dec 1858; p. 3. Duffy was was an agent for several periodicals.

• Alexander J. Schem. The American Ecclesiastical Year-Book. New York: H. Dayton, 1860; vol 1, p. 72. [google books]

• Daniel J. Kenny, comp. The American Newspaper Directory. New York: Watson & Co., 1861; p. 27. [google books]

• notice. Brownson’s Quarterly Review 2 (April 1861); p. 275.

• notice of Spare Hours. The Catholic World 2 (Feb 1866); p. 718.

• Geo. P. Rowell & Co’s American Newspaper Directory. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1869; p. 43. [archive.org]

• J. A. Burns. The Growth and Development of the Catholic School System in the United States. New York: Benziger Brothers, 1912; p. 140. [google books]

• Gertrude C. Gilmer. Checklist of Southern Periodicals to 1861. Boston, Massachusetts: F. W. Faxon Company, 1934; p. 24.

• Eleanor Weakley Nolen. “Nineteenth Century Children’s Magazines.” The Horn Book Magazine. 15 (Jan/Feb 1939); p. 55-60.

cover/masthead: 1857-1858

edited by: W. G. Wilson

published: Brookline, Massachusetts: Sampson & Phillips.

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: 4 pp.; page size, 11″ h; price, 50¢/ year

• A two-page holiday supplement appeared 22 Dec 1857

relevant quote:

• The American was first published in 1855: “When, two years ago, the first number of The Young American was published, we felt doubtful whether it would succeed. It was undertaken, partly as an experiment, partly for pleasure. As an experiment, it succeeded beyond our expectations, as to the pleasure, however, it proved rather harder work than we has [sic] at first supposed. But if we did not derive as much pleasure from it as we had anticipated, we trust our subscribers did, and that they have consequently missed it during the past year. Therefore when we offer it to the public in an enlarged form, intending to make it interesting and attractive, a Brookline paper, containing the latest news, with many original articles; we expect that the citizens of Brookline will receive it with pleasure, and contribute to its colums [sic] according to their well known literary taste and talent.” [“To the Friends and Subscribers to ‘The Young American.’ ” 1 (7 Oct 1857); p. 1]

• Time constraints led to the editor relinquishing the paper: “With the present number of the Young American we complete the year, and, although at times the duties connected with its monthly issue have been irksome, yet they have not been devoid of pleasure. As we shall not here-after have the time to devote to this enterprise, which it demands, we are now compelled to relinquish it. And, as we do this, we could wish that it might still be continued by some one better able to interest our readers. It would be gratifying to us to see the Young American growing in size and importance, until it should become an influential and attractive local newspaper.” [“Our Last Number.” 1 (1 Sept 1858); p. 3]

continues: Young American (2 May 1855-9 April 1856)

source of information: NUC; OCLC; AASHistPer

available: AASHistPer, series 4

bibliography:

• “Editorial.” Young America Monthly Magazine 1 (July 1858); p. 83.

edited by: W. L. Richardson; G. B. Kettell

published: Boston, Massachusetts: S. H. Porter, 1858.

frequency: biweekly

description: newspaper format; vol 1, #7 is 1 June 1858

relevant quote: The Young America Monthly Magazine admired, with some gentle sarcasm: “The first copy of the ‘Excelsior’ is before us, and does credit to its editors and to us, for upon looking at the fourth page, we thought it was a revised edition of the ‘Young America.’ ” [“Editorial.” March 1858] Two months later, the sarcasm was sharper: “We notice in the ‘Excelsior,’ No. 4, quite a long account of a back number of the Young America; we should like to answer it at the same length, but cannot afford the space, which Messrs. Richardson & Kettell appear to have abundance of.” [“Editorial.” May 1858]

merged with: Young America Monthly Magazine (Jan-Dec 1858) to form Young America and Excelsior ; Jan-after April 1859

source of information: OCLC; Young America Monthly Magazine

bibliography:

• “Editorial.” Young America Monthly Magazine 1 (March 1858); pp. 34-35.

• “Editorial.” Young America Monthly Magazine 1 (May 1858); p. 59.

cover/masthead: 1858

published: Boston, Massachusetts: McCurdy & Weston; publisher at 91 Washington St and 11 Cornhill

description: 32 pp.; page size, 9.25″ h

• Temperance focus

relevant quote:

• About the magazine: “In accordance with the expressed wish of many of the Bands of Hope in Massachusetts, the subscribers propose issuing a small pamphlet edition of Dialogues, Single Pieces, and other suitable matter for recitation at Band of Hope and other Juvenile Temperance Meetings. Many of the articles are original, and have been prepared and arranged for this work with great care. They are all of a high-toned character, and convey important moral instruction in a very attractive style.” [1 #1 (1858): inside front cover (cover page 2)]

source of information: AASHistPer; AAS catalog

available: AASHistPer, series 4

cover/masthead: 1858

edited by: Epes Sargent

published: Boston, Massachusetts: Epes Sargent; publisher at 289 Washington St., 1857

frequency: monthly

description: 32 pp.; page size, 9.75″ h; price, $1/ year

• Because the magazine was ending, Nov and Dec 1858 were issued as a single issue.

relevant information:

• Contents for the first issue published in the Richmond Enquirer [Richmond, Virginia; 1 Jan 1858; p. 1]

• Contents for May 1858 published in The Monthly Religious Magazine and Independent Journal (19 [May 1858]; p. 5).

relevant quotes:

• Introductory: “With this issue we introduce the School Monthly to teachers and pupils, schools and families. It starts with a large circulation, amply sufficient to insure its continuance. Our subscribers and agents are in all parts of the United States; and we shall aim to make the work an agreeable and useful medium of communication for the advancement of the widely-extended school interests of our common country. … Although, bearing in mind that we are to be read by the young as well as the adult, we shall deal more in facts and images than in speculations, we still hope to find room for much that shall prove suggestive and valuable to the earnest and inquiring teacher. We ask the coöperation of all such in extending the circulation and consequent means of usefulness of the School Monthly; for our object will always be to elevate the schoolmaster’s vocation still higher in the public esteem, and to make it at once less burthensome and more remunerative, in making it more generally appreciated.” [1 (Jan 1858); p. 31]

• One editor took Sargent’s to task for its accuracy, while giving advice and cheering on the magazine: “ ‘Sargent’s School Monthly,’ for July, repeats the story of William Tell, as if it had not been blown sky-high at Cambridge, and its historical truth discarded. It is a good feature to introduce articles for declamation. The journal is spirited, tasteful, and morally sound, and we bid it a hearty God-speed.” [“Recent Pamphlets”]

• Advertisements for Forrester’s Playmate claim that the merger resulted from the demise of Sargent’s: “The publishers are happy to announce that, in consequence of the regret expressed at the discontinuance of Sargeant’s [sic] School Monthly they have made arrangements with MR. SARGEANT [sic] to contribute to the ensuing volume of the Youth’s Casket and Playmate, and have availed themselves of the subscription list of the former highly popular work to increase their circulation.” [North Star 8 Jan 1859]

• On the end of the magazine: “Epes Sargent, Esq., recently editor and publisher of Sargent’s School Monthly, having transferred that work to us, will become a contributor to the pages of the Playmate during the coming year. It is but justice to say, that his popularity as a writer for the young will add greatly to the value of our Magazine.” [Forrester’s Playmate 9 (Dec 1858); p. 189]

merged with: Forrester’s Playmate ; 1854-1868

source of information: notices, etc., below; Lyon; OCLC; Forrester’s Playmate

available: AASHistPer, series 4

bibliography:

• “Sargent’s School Monthly.” Quad-City Times [Davenport, Iowa] 22 Dec 1857; p. 1.

• We have received from the editor. The Times-Picayune [New Orleans, Louisiana] 24 Dec 1857; p. 1.

• “Sargent’s School Monthly.” Muscatine Evening Journal [Muscatine, Iowa] 24 Dec 1857; p. 2.

• “Books Received During the Month of December.” Massachusetts Teacher and Journal of Home and School Education 11 (Jan 1858); p. 40.

• “Sargent’s School Monthly.” Richmond Enquirer [Richmond, Virginia] 1 Jan 1858; p. 1.

• “Sargent’s School Monthly.” Bedford Gazette [Bedford, Pennsylvania] 8 Jan 1858; p. 3.

• “Magazines for the Children.” Anti-Slavery Bugle [Lisbon, Ohio] 23 Jan 1858; p. 3.

• “Sargent’s School Monthly.” The American Israelite [Cincinnati, Ohio] 29 Jan 1858; p. P237.

• advertisement. The Monthly Religious Magazine and Independent Journal 19 (May 1858); p. 5.

• “Sargent’s School Monthly—July No.” Valley Spirit [Chambersburg, Pennsylvania] 21 July 1858; p. 5.

• “Recent Pamphlets.” Christian Register 12 (21 Aug 1858); p. 1.

• notice. Forrester’s Playmate. 9 (Dec 1858); p. 189.

• “New Publications.” New England Farmer [Boston, Massachusetts] 4 Dec 1858; p. 2.

• advertisement. North Star [Danville, Vermont] 8 Jan 1859; p. 3. Also, The Enterprise and Vermonter [Vergennes, Vermont] 28 Jan 1859; p. 4.

• Sheldon Emmor Davis. Educational Periodicals During the Nineteenth Century, Bureau of Education Bulletin no. 28. Washington, District of Columbia: Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education, 1919; p. 98. [archive.org]

• Betty Longenecker Lyon. “A History of Children’s Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899.” PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; pp. 147, 158, 221.

edited by:

• E. C. Richardson & Andrews, Feb-Oct 1858

• E. C. Richardson, Nov-Dec 1858: “The change in our Editorial department was caused by the junior editor suddenly giving up in November all connection with the magazine.” [“Editorial.” 1 (Dec 1858); p. 143]

published:

• Boston, Massachusetts: Israel Moody, Jan 1858; publisher at 290 Washington St.

• Boston, Massachusetts: Richardson & Andrews, Feb-March 1858.

• Boston, Massachusetts: W. G. Reed & J. B. Gardner, Oct-Nov 1858.

• Boston, Massachusetts: W. G. Reed, Dec 1858.

• Boston, Massachusetts: Richardson & Reed. [from NUC]

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: 12 pp.; page size, 7.5″ h

• Prices: Jan-Feb 1858: 1 copy, 6¢/ issue. March 1858: 1 copy, 5¢/ issue

relevant information: W. G. Reed and J. B. Gardner published The Pioneer at the same time as the Monthly.

relevant quote:

• The Monthly promised to be congenial to all: “Our profoundest bow to the public! to it we look for those smiles without which, our existence will be insupportable; its approbation we shall endeavor to deserve by conducting this magazine in a high-toned and independent manner; and while we open its columns to contributors of awarded merit, we shall admit nothing of political nature, but such as is above party; nothing religious, but such as is above sect; and nothing philanthropical, but such as is above the pharisaical; in this way we trust to win the confidence and esteem of the good and the wise of all classes. … Each number will be issued on the first day of each month, containing twelve pages of interesting matter, stories, poetry, anecdotes, and an editorial, which will embrace a view of the events of the past month, and criticisms on such new publications as may be sent to us.” [“Prospectus.” 1 (Jan 1858); pp. 1-2]

• About the cover: “We have placed in the centre of the vignette on our title page, a likeness of the illustrious Benjamin Franklin, and the light in which his position is regarded as a statesman, philosopher and scholar, is indicative of the aims which are to be maintained in conducting a publication, to which we trust he would not have objected to lend his countenance.” [“Prospectus.” 1 (Jan 1858); p. 1]

• These inexperienced publishers were responsive to the audience; the news section was dropped by popular demand: “At the suggestions of a number of our patrons, we have concluded to omit the ‘News of the Month,’ as what is contained therein, will, by the time our magazine is issued, be known by all.” [“Editorial.” 1 (Feb 1858); p. 22]

• Confident as they sounded in the first issue, the editors had promised themselves to publish only three issues: “When we issued our first number, it was with the determination of continuing as long as the enterprise might prove successful, but we pledged ourselves only for three months—January, February and M[a]rch; the present number completes the three, and sets us at liberty to go on, or stop,—we choose the former, and shall endeavor as heretofore, to conduct this magazine in a manner of which none can complain, and that will make it suited to all classes,—old and young, rich and poor.” [“Editorial.” 1 (March 1858); p. 34]

• Subscribers had been less than confident about the success of the Monthly: “The next number (12) completes the first volume of the Young American Monthly Magazine, which, in the opinion of many of our patrons could not exist half a year; but even the wisest will sometimes err, and remembering this, we excuse them.” [“Editorial.” 1 (Nov 1858); p. 131]

merged with: The Excelsior (1858) to form Young America and Excelsior ; Jan-after April 1859

source of information: AAS catalog; NUC; AASHistPer

available: AASHistPer, series 4 • hathitrust.org

edited by: Martha M. Thomas

published: Cincinnati, Ohio: J. K. Alpaugh, 15 July-Dec 1858.

frequency: monthly

description: 32 pp.; page size, 9.75″ h; price, $1/ year

relevant information: Each issue included a page in French

relevant quote:

• The editor was modest, but knew how to extend a metaphor: “At length our little bark is launched, its sails, fanned by the generous patronage of ur friends, are set, and we are fairly on the way for the Port of Public Favor. Conscious of a want of merit as Commander, we have nevertheless yielded to the opinion of older and better sailors than ourselves, whose kind partiality has induced us to undertake a voyage, we know full well has many a jutting reef and hidden rock for the unweary navigator.” [“Afloat.” 1 (July 1858); p. 31]

source of information: Ladies’ Repository ; AAS catalog; OCLC

available: AASHistPer, series 4

bibliography:

• “Literary Notices.” The Ladies’ Repository 18 (Sept 1858); p. 570.

published: Rockland, Maine: Z. Pope Vose.

frequency: monthly

description: AAS has proposal: 25¢/ year in advance

• Temperance focus

• Apparently never published

source of information: AAS catalog

edited by: A. O. Brickmann

published: Baltimore, Maryland: A. O. Brickmann.

frequency: monthly

description: Religious focus: Swedenborgian

• German-language periodical

source of information: Arndt; Fraser

bibliography:

• Karl J. R. Arndt & May E. Olson. German-American Newspapers and Periodicals: 1732-1955. Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer Publishers, 1961.

• Sybille Fraser. “German Language Children’s and Youth Periodicals in North America: A Checklist.” Phaedrus 6 (Spring 1979); pp. 27-31.

edited by: J. L. Brown

published: Bowdoinham, Maine: J. L. Brown

description: 4 pp.; 6″ h x 5″ w

• No. 3 is Oct 1859

relevant information: Brown was a trader. [Maine]

source of information: Lyon; Maine

bibliography:

• History of the Press of Maine, ed. Joseph Griffin. Brunswick: 1872; p. 299. [archive.org]

• Betty Longenecker Lyon. “A History of Children’s Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899.” PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; p. 148.

edited by: Anna Denton Cridge (also, Anne Denton Cridge; Annie Denton Cridge)

published: Dayton, Ohio: Anna Denton Cridge

frequency: monthly

description: Page size, 12.5″ h; price, 12¢/ year

• Nov 1859 is vol 1 #11; Feb 1860 is vol 2 #2

• Focus: Spiritualist and progressive reform

relevant information:

• First issue was available late Dec 1858

• Cridge was the sister of William Denton, a geologist with Spiritualist leanings. Anna edited a Spiritualist paper with her husband, her brother, and her sister-in-law, and took part in Spiritualist exercises; she had visions of life on the planet Mars which were included by her brother in at least one of his books. Anna is known today as the author of the first feminist utopian novel written by a woman, Man’s Rights; or, How Would You Like It? She also wrote The Crumb-Basket (New York: William White & Co., 1868), a collection of pieces for children.

relevant quotes:

• The Gem was devoted to cultural reform: “While progressive literature for adults is, in proportion to the demand, abundant, the FIRST juvenile monthly at all adapted to the requirements of progressive minds, but now sees the light. The children of reformers have been looking for their literature to publications more or less the embodiments of exploded dogmas. We ask: where should we begin reform? Shall we wait until the Upas-tree of Conservatism has thrown its roots deep into the soil of the spirit, before attempting its eradication, which [i[f accomplished at all must leave a fearful scar in the soul; or, shall we, acting on the principle that prevention is better than cure, educate aright in childhood? Shall we liberally disburse time and means in endeavoring to chase error from persons in whom it almost forms a part of themselves, and not expend some in supplying a healthy, improving, progressive literature to our children, on whom depends the work of reform in the future? To RE-form the future, we must FORM the present. Would we spread our principles abroad, we should give them permancence and solidity AT HOME Would we make the FUTURE bright and radiant; would we make our children—the men and women of the future—radiant, harmonious and happy, we must begin NOW; at home, around our own hearths, to furnish our children with entertaining and instructive literature of a progressive character. Correct tastes thus formed in early youth, revival meetings and other places of dissipation and unwholesome excitement will have no attraction for them as they grow older. Trained to analyse, criticise and judge for themselves, as they will be by reading the HOME GEM, religious dogmas only go for what they are worth; ‘Othello’s occupation is gone!’ The battle of the Harmonial Philosophy must be fought HERE. The children of darkness are wiser in their generation than the children of light.” [sic] Sectarian proselytizers and revivalists almost hopless of effecting anything among adults, are directing their main efforts to children. Here they must be met. Though a large proportion of those who have been brought up under sectarian influences outgrow them as their reasoning faculties become developed, yet such too often remain satisfied with merely negative and external progress; their spiritual natures having been misdirected in youth, they too often lose all confidence in that which is REALLY spiritual, because they have been so much imposed on by a spurious article in the past. The HOME GEM will aim to cultivate a true and refined spirituality. A peculiar feature of the magazine will be SPIRITUAL COMMUNICATIONS from children and others adapted to juvenile minds. This has been promised the editor, who will see them as appearing printed on scrolls in the spirit world. … It is hoped that FRIENDS OF PROGRESS everywhere from California to Newfoundland, will subscribe for the HOME GEM, that it may compete, even in externals, with such pestiferous publications as those of the American Tract Society.” [“Prospectus”]

• Subscribers were enthusiastic. R. B. Blackmore, of Carbondale, Illinois, wrote, “We have but few i[n] this part of Ill[i]nois that d[a]re think for themselves. If I could distribute a few copies of your little paper, it might help them.” [“From Correspondents”] T. S. A., of St. Joseph, Missouri, was equally eager: “Your enterprise in publishing a Child’s paper, I think a divine and beautiful one, for I know the basis of your works from the Vanguard. Spiritualists are few in this part of Missouri; but I and mine peruse the Vanguard with emotion[s] of gladness. The advocacy of land reform which it so nobly sustains is indeed an important branch of the great work to be done. … Children should be early taught the laws of their being; and the prejudices that wealth and poverty create, must be kept from their little minds and hearts, that they may be free to love and free from envy. The awe of past theological teachings, that is so frightfully pictured to them in Sunday-school books must be erased, as well as the sickening stories that popular school-books contain, that the simple flowers of truth, so [f]ragrant with affection; may spring up in their place. From Mc Guffey’s [sic] second Reader a book much in use in Schools, I read under the caption of the Creation of the World, that ‘six thousand years ago there was no Sun, and God created the world from nothing!’ such [sic] stuff is e[n]ough to make a child crazy, if they were seriously to think of it. Children that come up under pure teachings of nature, will be saved the struggle of being ‘born again,’ from the false superstructure of the present popular educatio[n].”

• About the first issue: “The first number of the HOME GEM will be out sometime in Christmas week [of 1858]. In consequence of liberal aid in our enterprise we shall give some engravings in our first issue, how many will depend considerably on the number of subscribers. Christmas week is a good time to collect subscriptions. Will the little folks see how much business they can do for the gem? [sic] Two good writers have been secured, one calls herself Aunt Mary the other loves little children; her name is Cecana. She is a pleasing and interesting writer, and will I am sure be loved by the young friends of the Gem.” [notice]

• Cridge sometimes had some … blunt remarks about subscribers: speaking at the Philanthropic Convention in Buffalo, New York, in Sept 1859, she mentioned the Gem and some of its subscribers: “She thanked the audience for their applause.—Her husband published the Van Guard [sic] and she published ‘The Home Gem’ for children at 12 cents a year—cheap because parents did not like to spend much money on their children. She would wait for subscribers as [sic] the close of the meeting.” [“The Philanthropic Convention.” Buffalo Commercial Advertiser] (The Buffalo Daily Republic was less kind, giving Cridge’s name as “Anna Denton Craig” and commenting caustically on the speech; the price of the Gem given is also incorrect.)

source of information: notices, etc., below; OCLC

bibliography:

• advertisement for The Vanguard. Grand River Times [Grand Haven, Michigan] 9 Sept 1857; p. 2.

• A[nne] D[enton] C[ridge]. The first number of the HOME GEM. The Vanguard 2 (18 Dec 1858); p. 2.

• “From Correspondents.” The Vanguard 2 (18 Dec 1858); p. 3.

• Prospectus of The Home Gem. The Vanguard 2 (18 Dec 1858); p. 4.

• T. S. A. “Letter from St. Joseph, Mo.” The Vanguard 2 (25 Dec 1858); p. 3.

• notice. The St. Joseph Weekly Free Democrat [St. Joseph, Missouri] 20 Aug 1859; p. 3.

• “The Philanthropic Convention.” The Buffalo Commercial Advertiser [Buffalo, New York] 19 Sept 1859; p. 3.

• “The Philanthropic Convention.” The Buffalo Daily Republic [Buffalo, New York] 19 Sept 1859; p. 3.

edited by: George B. Russell, 1859-1865 • Henry Harbaugh, 1865-1866 • Rev. Whitmer, 1871 • Darius William Gerhard, 1888-after 1903

published: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: George B. Russell, 1859-June 1865.

• Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: S. R. Fisher & Co., July 1865-after 1867; 1865, publisher at 54 N. 6th St.

• Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Board of Publication of the Reformed Church, 1869-1872; publisher at 54 N. 6th St.

• Lancaster County, Pennsylvania: Darius William Gerhard, 1888-after 1903.

frequency: 1859-1871, monthly. 1872-after 1878, monthly & semimonthly

description: 1869-1872: 4 pp.; page size, 21″ h x 15″ w

• Price: 1863, 25 copies: $4/ year. 1865, 10 copies, $2/ year; 25 copies, $4.50/ year. 1867, 1 copy, 40¢/ year. 1872, 10 copies, $3.50/ year; 25 copies, $8/ year. 1878: monthly, 1 copy, 40¢/ year; 10 copies, $2/ year; 25 copies, $4.50/ year. semimonthly, 1 copy, 75¢/ year; 10 copies, $3.50/ year; 25 copies, $8/ year

• Circulation: abt 1865, 14,000. 1867, over 20,000

• Religious focus: German Reformed Church

relevant quotes:

• The Helper was popular, but it may have been a bit above its intended audience: “It had held high rank from the first—some thought too high. Elder Santee, for instance, said it was a good paper, but put the feed too high up in the rack for the lambs.” [Russell; p. 146]

• George Russell points out that, unusually for a juvenile periodical, the Helper made money: “It was thought to be a wild venture, the first, and for years the only, English S. S. paper in the Reformed Church. It paid its own way from the first; but for some years of high prices during the war it was not profitable. The [p. 146] price of good printing paper was then twenty-two cents per pound, such as is now [in 1908] less than one-fourth of that cost. … Its regular circulation while issued by me went up to 14,000 a month, and began to pay for the earlier unprofitable years.” [Russell; pp. 145-146]

• Russell blames that profitability for his losing control of the paper: ”[A]fter its success of seven years, the Eastern Board of Publication began to see what was in it. They then very innocently (?) asked me to turn it over to them, without money and without price, and gently (?) threatened also that if this were not done, they would start their own S. S. paper; which would of course surely cripple the Pastor’s Helper, and make both unprofitable. Without remedy to me, and with no offered remuneration for my past risk and unpaid labor for its seven years, they simply forced the transfer; and without any consideration for the deal.” [Russell; p. 146]

• On the name change: “ ‘The Pastor’s Helper’ has served its day, having done, as we believe, a noble and most excellent work, for which its projector and publisher deserves the graditude of the Church. A new name, however, is demanded for the new circumstances, under which its existence is to be continued. Have we done rightly in yielding to expressed wishes in this direction? We trust we have. Our new name is the result of much inquiry and consideration, and will, we think, be found expressive and appropriate. It will give the paper a place amongst the various publications of the same general character, already issued.” [“The Child’s Treasury.” German Reformed Messenger 19 July 1865]

• Despite the Treasury’s purported popularity, to the apparent dismay of the publishers, “several hundred” copies of the July 1865 issue were still available in Oct 1865. [“Our Child’s Paper”]

• When, after years of requests, the Treasury added a semimonthly edition, the realities of printing the paper affected how subscribers got it: “As the paper is small, we are obliged to print to numbers on one sheet. Hence, as the monthly, issued as heretofore, forms the first number in each month of the semi-monthly, two of these are printed together. To save expense, they are also sent out in one package. All the subscribers, both the monthly and semi-monthly, will receive this number. Two of the intervening numbers, for the 15th of the month, will also be issued and sent out together. The semi-monthly subscribers only will receive these numbers. This explanation seems to be necessary, because some of the semi-monthly subscribers do not seem to understand, why they get the two numbers for the first of the month at the same time, and not the intermediate numbers also.” [“The Child’s Treasury.” Reformed Church Messenger 17 Jan 1872]

source of information: Rowell; Russell; Bomberger; Biographical Annals ; Freedley; notices & advertisements (see below)

available: AASHistPer, series 5 (1876 issue only)

bibliography:

• “The Pastor’s Helper.” German Reformed Messenger 24 (12 Jan 1859); p. 2.

• “The Pastor’s Helper.” German Reformed Messenger 24 (9 March 1859); p. 2.

• “Our Sunday School Papers.” German Reformed Messenger 24 (11 May 1859); p. 2.

• “ ‘The Pastor’s Helper.’ ” German Reformed Messenger 24 (18 May 1859); p. 3.

• “Religious Intelligence.” The Daily Evening Express [Lancaster, Pennsylvania] 22 Oct 1859; p. 2.

• J. H. A. Bomberger. Five Year’s Ministry in the German Reformed Church. Philadelphia: Lindsay & Blakiston, 1860; p. 70. [google books]

• Alexander J. Schem. The American Ecclesiastical Year-Book. New York: H. Dayton, 1860; vol 1, p. 57. [google books]

• “ ‘The Pastor’s Helper.’ ” German Reformed Messenger 25 (18 Jan 1860); p. 3.

• “A Helper.” German Reformed Messenger 26 (10 July 1861); p. 2.

• “The Pastor’s Helper.” German Reformed Messenger 27 (1 Jan 1862); p. 3.

• advertisement. German Reformed Messenger 28 (18 March 1863); p. 3.

• “The Pastor’s Helper.” German Reformed Messenger 28 (25 March 1863); p. 1.

• “The Pastor’s Helper—Vol. VII.” German Reformed Messenger 30 (11 Jan 1865); p. 3.

• “The Pastor’s Helper.” German Reformed Messenger 30 (28 June 1865); p. 2.

• “The Pastor’s Helper.” German Reformed Messenger 30 (12 July 1865); p. 2.

• “The Child’s Treasury.” German Reformed Messenger 30 (19 July 1865); p. 2.

• “Write for The Child’s Treasury.” German Reformed Messenger 30 (16 Aug 1865); p. 2.

• advertisement. German Reformed Messenger 30 (23 Aug 1865); p. 4.

• “The Child’s Treasury.” German Reformed Messenger 30 (23 Aug 1865); p. 2.

• “Child’s Treasury.” German Reformed Messenger 31 (20 Sept 1865); p. 3.

• “Our Child’s Paper.” German Reformed Messenger 31 (4 Oct 1865); p. 2.

• “Partnership and Sole-Ownership.” German Reformed Messenger 31 (11 Oct 1865); p. 2.

• “The Child’s Treasury in Families.” German Reformed Messenger 31 (3 Jan 1866); p. 2.

• “Is It Right?” German Reformed Messenger 31 (3 Jan 1866); p. 2.

• “Is It Possible!” German Reformed Messenger 31 (23 May 1866); p. 3.

• Edwin T. Freedley. Philadelphia and Its Manufactures … in 1867. Philadelphia: Edward Young & Co., 1867; p. 173. [archive.org]

• “Notices of Periodicals.” German Reformed Messenger 32 (3 July 1867); p. 3.

• notice of death of Henry Harbaugh. Reformed Church Messenger 33 (15 Jan 1868); p. 4.

• Geo. P. Rowell & Co’s American Newspaper Directory. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1869. [archive.org]

• “Martinsburg, Pennsylvania.” Reformed Church Messenger 34 (20 Jan 1869); p. 5.

• The Men Who Advertise. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1870. [google books]

• “The ‘Child’s Treasury.’ ” Reformed Church Messenger 37 (4 Jan 1871); p. 4.

• G. “The Children’s Paper.” Reformed Church Messenger 37 (4 Jan 1871); p. 5.

• “The Child’s Treasury.” Reformed Church Messenger 37 (18 Oct 1871); p. 1.

• Geo. P. Rowell & Co.’s American Newspaper Directory. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1872. [archive.org]

• “The Child’s Treasury.” Reformed Church Messenger 38 (17 Jan 1872); p. 4.

• advertisement. Messenger 47 (25 Dec 1878); p. 5.

• S. R. Fisher. “History of the Publication Efforts of the German Reformed Church.” Reformed Quarterly Review 1 (Jan 1885); p. 85-86, 90. [google books]

• Appletons’ Cyclopaedia of American Biography, ed. James Grant Wilson and John Fiske. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1887; vol 3: 76-77.

• Biographical Annals of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. N.p.: J. H. Beers & Co., 1903; pp. 55-56. [archive.org]

• George B. Russell. Four Score and More. Philadelphia: Heidelberg Press, 1908; pp. 145-147. [google books]

edited by: Z. Pope Vose

published: Rockland, Maine: Z. Pope Vose

frequency: weekly: Saturday

description: Price, $1/ year

• Last issue located is 11 June 1859

relevant information: Vose appears to have had trouble getting subscribers: one advertisement lists the date of first issue as 13 Nov 1858. [“Newspaporial”]

relevant quote: Like many children’s periodicals of the time, the Spectator had a column for letters from subscribers: “The ‘Stairway,’ the department of the paper designed to receive communications from its young readers, is meeting with much favor among the boys and girls. Such a paper has certainly better claims upon the people of Maine than the flash literature which floods us from abroad.” [“A Paper for the Young Folks”]

source of information: Maine Farmer ; Eaton; description, Newspaper Archives, Special Collections, Raymond H. Fogler Library, University of Maine, Orono, Maine

bibliography:

• “Newspaporial.” Maine Farmer 26 (21 Oct 1858); p. 2.

• Proposal. Maine Farmer 27 (13 Jan 1859); p. 3. (Includes typographical error: “Jan. 8, 1858” should read “Jan. 8, 1859”)

• notice of second issue. Maine Evangelist 4 (12 Feb 1859); p. 2.

• “A Paper for the Young Folks.” Maine Farmer 27 (7 April 1859); p. 2.

• “Notices of Books.” Maine Teacher 1 (May 1859); p. 378; copy at archive.org.

• Cyrus Eaton. History of Thomaston, Rockland, and South Thomaston, Maine. Hallowell: Masters, Smith & Co., 1865; vol 2, p. 33; copy online at Making of America.

published: New York, New York: William L. Jones; publisher at 152 Sixth Ave., 1858-1860

frequency: monthly

description: 32 pp.; page size, 7.75″ h; price, 75¢/ year

relevant quotes:

• Advertisements promised a wide variety: “AN ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF FACT, FICTION, HISTORY AND ADVENTURE. The want of a good periodical for the young has induced the publication of this new candidate for public favor. It will endeavor to become a fountain from which all may draw instruction and amusement. It will contain numerous sketches and stories by the best authors. Also Enigmas, Puzzles, Charades, etc., and a host of subjects of general interest. In this number [Jan 1858] will commence a series of Chess Articles, which will be continued, so that all who wish may learn this most intellectual pastime.” [“The Boys and Girls’ Own Magazine for January”]

• The Enterprise and Vermonter felt that the 75 cents would be well spent: “It is far more profitable to invest your pennies in sweetmeats for the mind than in candies for your mouth.” [9 March 1860]

• Perhaps the periodical used to satirize a Hartford newspaper: “The ‘Child’s Own Magazine’ is finding a rival in the Hartford Post, which paper daily contains a column or less of matter under the head of ‘Puzzles,[’] in place of more interesting reading.” [in “Quit That”]

source of information: Lyon; OCLC; notices, etc., below

available: AASHistPer, series 4

bibliography:

• “The Boys and Girls’ Own Magazine for January.” The Baltimore Sun [Baltimore, Maryland] 28 Dec 1858; p. 2.

• “Boys and Girls Own Magazine.” The Enterprise and Vermonter [Vergennes, Vermont] 21 Jan 1858; p. 2.

• “Boys’ and Girls’ Own Magazine.” Altoona Tribune [Altoona, Pennsylvania] 10 March 1859; p. 2.

• “Boys’ and Girls’ Own Magazine.” Lancaster Intelligencer [Lancaster, Pennsylvania] 15 march 1859; p. 2.

• notice. The Star of the North [Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania] 16 Nov 1859; p. 3.

• “Boys’ and Girls’ Own Magazine.” Nebraska Advertiser 24 Nov 1859; p. 3.

• notice. Hartford Courant [Hartford, Connecticut] 29 Feb 1860; p. 2.

• “Boys and Girls Own Magazine.” The Enterprise and Vermonter [Vergennes, Vermont] 9 March 1860; p. 3.

• notice of April issue. The Ebensburg Alleghenian [Ebensburg, Pennsylvania] 12 April 1860; p. 2.

• “Boys and Girls Own Magazine.” The Enterprise and Vermonter [Vergennes, Vermont] 8 June 1860; p. 2.

• “Pamphlets Received.” New York Evangelist 31 (19 July 1860); p. 8.

• “For the Little Folks.” The Enterprise and Vermonter [Vergennes, Vermont] 21 Sept 1860; p. 2.

• Daniel J. Kenny, comp. The American Newspaper Directory. New York: Watson & Co., 1861; p. 49. [google books]

• “Boys and Girls Own Magazine.” Nebraska Advertiser [Brownville, Nebraska] 24 Jan 1861; p. 2.

• “Quit That.” Hartford Courant [Hartford, Connecticut] 16 Feb 1861; p. 2.

• Betty Longenecker Lyon. “A History of Children’s Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899.” PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; p. 148.

cover/masthead: 1859

edited by: John S. Hart

published: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American Sunday School Union; publisher at 1122 Chestnut St., 1859

frequency: weekly, semimonthly, monthly, & 3 times/ month editions; 1 vol/ year

description: 4 pp.; page size untrimmed, 12.5″ h x 9.5″ w

• Prices, 1 copy, mailed: weekly, 50¢/ year; monthly, 13¢/ year; semimonthly, 25¢/ year; 3 times a month, 38¢/ year. 1 copy collected at the publisher or a Sunday-School Union depository: 1¢

• Religious focus

relevant quotes: The Banner was a less expensive version of The Youth’s Sunday-School Gazette: “The Sunday-School Banner … [is] printed on less expensive paper than the [Youth’s Sunday-School] Gazette, but containing a portion of the cuts and matter of the Gazette, with other matter of its own.” [1 (April 1859); p. 4]

• An Iowa paper took great exception to some words in the Banner: “In the January number of ‘the Sunday School Banner,’ published by the American S. S. Union, we find a letter from a ‘missionary in Iowa,’ from which we extract the closing paragraph: ‘I find everywhere I go poverty staring me in the face. The crops in Iowa are a complete failgure, and for the next year our Sabbath schools will have a hard life, if our Eastern friends do not come to our rescue. Will you, my dear young friends, talk this matter over among yourselves and arund your firesides at home, and prepare some means for the sustentation of our schools, at least during the hard times? May god bless you! Very truly yours, Samuel Skemp.’ We unhesitatingly pronounce the above a ‘pious fraud’ on the public. Last year’s crops in this State were a partial failure, we admit; but that there is any more poverty or destitution in this State than can be found elsewhere, we deny. On the contrary, all the necessaries of life are abundant—our people have plenty of wholesome food to eat, and all are comfortably clad. The writer may be ‘a good man,’ as the editor of the Banner designates him, but we fear he is addicted to ‘stretching’ things a little. As “the end sanctifies the means,’ however, his fabrication, exciting the sympathies of stingy people in the East in behalf of the Sabbath-school cause in the West, may perhaps be excused although it is a libel on our fair State.” [“Another Libel on Iowa”]

merged with: Youth’s Penny Gazette • The Youth’s Sunday-School Gazette (also The Youth’s Sunday School Gazette) (11 Jan 1843-1861) and continued by: Child’s World • Youth’s World ; 1862-after 1884 • Baptist Teacher for Sunday-School Workers (for adults)

source of information: 1859 scattered issues; notices, etc., below ; Scharf; AAS catalog; OCLC

available: AASHistPer, series 4

bibliography:

• advertisement. New York Evangelist 29 (16 Dec 1858); p. 7.

• advertisement. New York Evangelist 30 (13 Jan 1859); p. 7.

• “The Best and Cheapest Children’s Papers Published.” The Advocate [Buffalo, New York] 10 Feb 1859; p. 3.

• “Another Libel on Iowa.” Muscatine Weekly Journal [Muscatine, Iowa] 11 March 1859; p. 1.

• Every Sunday School should supply. The Charleston Daily Courier [Charleston, South Carolina] 22 Aug 1860; p. 3.

• Daniel J. Kenny, comp. The American Newspaper Directory. New York: Watson & Co., 1861; pp. 31, 48, 65. [google books]

• advertisement. New York Observer and Chronicle 39 (3 Jan 1861); p. 7.

• advertisement for The Child’s World. The Danville Quarterly Review 1 (Dec 1861); p. 3.

• “The Child’s World.” The Buffalo Commercial [Buffalo, New York] 21 Dec 1861; p. 3.

• J. Thomas Scharf and Thompson Westcott. History of Philadelphia, 1609-1884. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: L. H. Everts & Co., 1884; vol 3, p. 2014. [google books]

cover/masthead: 1859-1862 | 1865

edited by: 1860-after Feb 1861, R. H. Pollock & G. W. Gowdy • late 1861-1865, 1869-1872, James M. Ferguson

published: Cincinnati, Ohio: R. H. Pollock, G. W. Gowdy, R. D. Harper, & J. P. Smart, 1859. • Cincinnati, Ohio: R. H. Pollock and G. W. Gowdy, May 1860-Feb 1861; 1860, publisher at Taft’s Buildings, corner of Fourth and Vine.

• Pittsburg, Pennsylvania: James M. Ferguson, late 1861.

• Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: James M. Ferguson, 1862-1865; Jan 1862, publisher at P. O. Box 1865; April-July 1862, publisher at P. O. Box 518; 1865, publisher at 25 N. 6th St. or P. O. Box 901; 1872, publisher at 15 N. 7th St.

frequency: 1859, monthly • 1860-1865, semimonthly

description: 4 pp.; page size untrimmed, 14″ h x 10.5″ w

• Prices: 1859: 10 copies, $1/ year; 50 copies, $4.50/ year; sent out of state, 20 copies, $2.50/ year; 50 copies, $6/ year. 1860-1862: 1 copy, 35¢/ year; 4 copies, $1/ year; 10 copies, $2/ year; 50 copies, $5/ year. 1865: 1 copy, 45¢/ year; 4 copies, $1.50/ year; 10 copies, $3.25/ year; 50 copies, $11/ year. 1869-1870, 45¢

• 1859 circulation, 12,000-13,000

• Religious focus: Presbyterian

relevant quotes:

• The first issue may have been dated Jan 1859, but it wasn’t actually published then: “We have occasionally had some little complaint from our young friends because the Youth’s Evangelist did not come earlier in the month. … [L]est you should think we either did not care about pleasing you, or that we are lazy, or something of that kind, we must remind you we have done more than we promised. We promised you one paper each month. We now send you the seventh paper in four and a half months from the time we sent the first. We issued the January number in March. We have now caught up with time, and we hope to get a little ahead of it by and by.” [1 (July 1859); p. 1]

• Subscription price was a continuing concern: “Our kind friends and patrons have occasionally referred to the price of the Youth’s Evangelist, as being higher than papers of a similar character elsewhere. They patronize our enterprise, because it is in our own church. We are much gratified at this evidence of a willingness to support the enterprise of our own church at a sacrifice; and we can not say that we are sorry for the misapprehension, whch led to the exercise and manifestation of this kindness. We confess, however, that we are still more pleased to be able to show, that it is a mistake that the Evangelist is any higher in price, than any other Sabbath School paper, to which reference has been ma[d]e by friends—in proportion to its size, and quality of paper. Ours is a private enterprise, without any aid from churches, directly or indirectly, except the actual subscr[i]ption prices.” [“Price of the Youth’s Evangelist.” 3 (1 Feb 1861); p. 3]

• The masthead was redesigned in 1861: “We expected to have a new head, designed by an excellent artist, and very finely engraved, for the December numbers of the Evangelist; but as there was a great deal of labor on it, we could not get it finished in time. We will have it, and some other fine engravings ready for the January number.” [“New Head.” 3 (1 Dec 1861); p. 3] The new engraving still wasn’t ready the next month: “Although we have delayed the January numbers beyond our usual time, in order to have inserted our new Heading and some fine engravings, yet unforeseen circumstances have delayed their completion, and we have been compelled to go to press without them.” [4 (1 Jan 1862); p. 2]

continued by: The Pilot (for adults; 1930?-1955)

source of information: 1859-1865 scattered issues; OCLC

available: AASHistPer, series 5

bibliography:

• Geo. P. Rowell & Co’s American Newspaper Directory. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1869; p. 99. [archive.org]

• The Men Who Advertise. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1870; p. 735. [google books]

• Geo. P. Rowell & Co.’s American Newspaper Directory. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1872; p. 161. [archive.org]

cover/masthead: 1859

edited by: Richardson & Kettell

published: Boston, Massachusetts: William G. Reed. [from AAS] • Boston, Massachusetts: Richardson & Reed. [from NUC]

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: 12 pp.; page size, 7.5″ h; price 5¢/ issue

• Feb 1859 issue is vol 2 #2

relevant quote: The magazine was announced in the last issue of Young America Monthly Magazine: “The Young America will in future be published under the title of ‘The Excelsior, and Young America Monthly Magazine,’ by W. L. RICHARDSON. All present subscribers, unless notice is given to the contrary, will be considered as renewing their subscriptions.” [“Editorial.” Young America Monthly Magazine] Because Young America and Excelsior was considered an extension of the two periodicals, the 1859 issues of are "volume 2.

continues: Young America Monthly Magazine ; Jan-Dec 1858 • The Excelsior ; 1858

source of information: AAS catalog; NUC

available: AASHistPer, series 4

bibliography:

• “Editorial.” Young America Monthly Magazine 1 (Dec 1858); p. 143.

edited by: A. O. Brickmann

published: Baltimore, Maryland: A. O. Brickmann.

description: Organ of the New Jerusalem Church in the U. S. German Synod

• Religious focus: Swedenborgian

• German-language periodical

source of information: Arndt; Fraser

bibliography:

• Karl J. R. Arndt & May E. Olson. German-American Newspapers and Periodicals: 1732-1955. Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer Publishers, 1961.

• Sybille Fraser. “German Language Children’s and Youth Periodicals in North America: A Checklist.” Phaedrus 6 (Spring 1979); pp. 27-31.

cover/masthead: 18 June-9 July 1859 | 16 July-29 Oct 1859

edited by: Thomas Donaldson, jr

published: Edgewood, Maryland: Thomas Donaldson, jr; “Edgewood, near the ‘Relay House’ ”. The editor’s address was St. Denis P. O., Baltimore Co., Md. Printed at F. A. Hanzsche’s Book & Job Printing Establishment, 212 Baltimore St., near Charles.

frequency: 18 June-29 Oct 1859: weekly: Saturday

description: 18 June-29 Oct 1859: 4 pp.; page size, 9.25″ h x 5″ w; price: 5¢/week in advance; 6¢/week “when sent by mail, payable in postage stamps”

• 18 June 1859 is vol 1 #8

• Two-page supplements were published for the 1 Oct 1859 and 8 Oct 1859 issues.

• My copy of the 15 Oct 1859 issue has handwritten corrections on the poem “Election Day.”

• By Aug 1859, circulation was wide: “The Magpie has gone to the foot of the Andes, and to the Old World. It has even reached Kansas, Louisiana, Missippi, Alabama, and Georgia. In the north, as far as Vermont, New York, and New Hampshire; and we have a large number of subscribers in Massachusetts and other states, too numerous to mention.” [editorial. 1 (17 Aug 1859); p. 42.]

relevant quotes:

• The Magpie originally was a hand-written effort: “The Weekly Magpie has been in existence for several months. Formerly, it was in manuscript, but the demand for copies daily increased, so that we were not able to supply even one half of the applicants,—thus depriving the world of this enlightening and refining influences of this popular journal, and retarding, for some time, the march of civilization. … The sole object for which we demand subscriptions is in order to defray the expenses of printing; and all the profits will be scrupulously devoted to the enlargement and improvement of our paper.” [editorial. 1 (18 June 1859); p. 3]

• The editor definitely was not shy about the glories of his periodical: “The Magpie is devoted to Literature, Science, and to the diffusion of Useful Knowledge. We shall endeavor to make it as perfect as possible in its several departments, and we admit nothing that is not original. We have already employed some of the most celebrated authors on this side of the Atlantic (Sylvanus Cobb, jr., excepted), who will regularly write for The Magpie, and for no other periodical whatever. … Our Poetical department is unrivaled …. As to politics, we espouse the cause of no party. … We shall censure when censure is due, irrespective of party or politics. … The Magpie is also an excellent family paper. … It cheers and enlivens in the long winter evenings, when the family is cosily seated by the fireside, as they peruse with delight its thrilling columns. When the laborer returns from his day’s work, weary and careworn, and his children run to him … and tell him that they have just received the last number of The Magpie, his stern features relax and his countenance lights up, and, as he thinks of the pleasure that is in store for him, his joy is indeed unaffected.—After he has taken his simple meal of brown bread and coffee, the whole family draw their chairs around him, and listen with absorbing interest as he reads The Magpie to them. Ah! what a blank was in his existence before The Magpie was printed! Then, he used to smoke his pipe; now, he reads this excellent journal, and finds himself a much happier and better man. Therefore, let all who desire domestic happiness, the enlargement of the intellect, and the advancement of knowledge, take “The Magpie.” [editorial. 1 (18 June 1859); p. 3]

• The editor had strict requirements: “No Contributions are inserted from persons over 15 years of age. … No Advertisements competing with Howard County interests are received.” [masthead. 1 (18 June 1859); p. 1] However, his requirements for authors shifted when some of the writers “aged out” of the magazine: “Some of our contributors having arrived at the age of 15, we will be obliged to extend the rule. Hereafter, we will accept contributions from persons of 15 1/2 years of age.” [editorial. 1 (15 Oct 1859); p. 72]

• On the change in bird on the masthead: “The Magpie is at last on its own perch, which has been so long usurped by that most cruel and voracious of birds, the Eagle. This fact cannot fail to give great satisfaction to our readers, who no doubt, have been struck with the haughty and overbearing demeanour of the Eagle, and, on the other hand, with the dignified and pleasing deportment of the Magpie, whose intelligent countenance, together with its mild, though pensive expression, excite general admiration.” [editorial. 1 (23 July 1859); p. 22]

• The end of the Magpie was announced in the 15 Oct 1859 issue: “As The Magpie will be discontinued at the end of the month, our subscribers are requested to close their accounts as promptly as possible.” [editorial. 1 (15 Oct 1859); p. 72]

• The paper’s closing editorial was as grandiloquent as its opening: “There is an end to everything; so says the adage. Our magpie feels the force of it. Our faithful bird is about to quit the scenes of its labours, and wing its flight to another clime ….” [editorial. 1 (22 Oct 1859); p. 80.]

source of information: 1859 vol; OCLC

bibliography:

• Gertrude C. Gilmer. Checklist of Southern Periodicals to 1861. Boston, Massachusetts: F. W. Faxon Company, 1934; p. 63.

cover/masthead: Nov 1859 | April 1860

edited by: J. S. Hostetter

published: Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: J. S. Hostetter

frequency: monthly: beginning of the month; 1 vol/ year (see below)

description: 16 pp; page size untrimmed, 9″ h x 5 3/4 ″ w

• Prices: Nov 1859-April 1860: 1 copy, 30¢/ year; 10 copies, $3/ year. May-Oct 1860: 1 copy, 50¢/ year; 6 copies, $3/ year; 11 copies, $5/ year; 23 copies, $10/ year

relevant information:

• The May-Oct 1859 issues are vol 1 #1-6 (The AAS has a Sept 1859 issue marked vol 1 #5.) The Nov 1859 issue, however also is volume 1: “The first number of this little Friend of Youth was published in May, 1859, and has received, during the first six months, friends and patrons far beyond our most sanguine expectations. Back numbers being exhausted, we have made arrangements to commence a new volume with November 1859[.]” [“Terms, &c., of the ‘I Will Try.’ ” 1 (Nov 1859); p. 13.]

relevant quotes:

• Early notices were appreciative: “Mr. Hostetter, the editor and publisher of ‘I Will Try, avoids the too common mistake in school Periodicals of SHOOTING OVER THE HEADS OF THEIR READERS; his object is to furnish a ‘Magazine for Boys and Girls, going to school,’ and he makes every article in the I Will Try, subservient to that idea.” [“I Will Try.” Carlisle Weekly Herald 7 Sept 1859]

• Hostetter promised entertainment and information: “Little Boys and Girls—Do you want to spend your winter evenings at home? If so, don’t you want something to amuse, and at the same time instruct you? You will also want to learn wholesome lessons which will be of untold value to you when you grow up to be men and women. We have a word for you: Ask your parents for the small sum of thirty cents, and when you get that amount, subscribe at once for ‘I Will Try,’ a little magazine published expressly for you.—Each number of this little work is full of pretty stories and useful lessons, and besides this, the Editor has a chat with his little friends, each month, which is very interesting, and worth the cost of a year’s subscription.” [“Little Boys and Girls”]

• “ ‘I will try[’] is published at the beginning of every month. Each number contains sixteen pages of fresh, choice, moral, instructive reading, adapted to the young mind. The mission of this little monthly is to serve as a link between home and school education—to befriend the boys and girls in their studies, and facilitate the teacher’s work by securing home influence in his favor.” [“Terms, &c., of the ‘I Will Try.’ ” 1 (Nov 1859); p. 13.]

• Hostetter was a teacher: “Two thirds of the nights of the past winter did we work until midnight, and that after a hard day’s work in the school room.” [“Editor’s Chat.” 1 (April 1860); p. 95.]

• Advertising seemed aware that subscribers might be hesitant to take a magazine not published by a large publisher: “Some persons think, perhaps, that ‘I Will Try’ possesses no merit, because it is published in our county. This is a mistake. It could not possess more merit if published in any of the large cities. Try it.” [“I Will Try,” for November]

• An advertisement implied a massive change in the magazine’s readers: “Where the little ones read I Will Try, they become more intelligent than where it is not read. Get it for your children.” [I Will Try, for June]

• Much was promised for volume 2: “[A]mong the many things suggested by old and young, one is that we should use better paper—that the paper is not nice enough for binding. [Transcriber’s note: The paper for my copies of the last issues of volume 1 is poor quality, and the printing looks washed out.] This is all true; but we cannot put better paper into it for thirty cents a year. This is impossible. Well, many, very many, have said, ‘If you use good, white paper, we will willingly pay fifty cents a year.’ So we have now concluded to use good white paper, and get I Will Try up in a superior style, and charge FIFTY CENTS.” Those who had already paid for a year would need to pay more or receive a magazine of lower quality: “[H]ow with those who subscribed last November? Why, they will have theirs printed on the same kind of paper we use now, unless they send us ten cents more, then they will receive, the remainder of their year, which is six months, the improved I Will Try.” [“Editor’s Chat.” 1 (April 1860); p. 95.]

• Advertising began to appear in volume 2, on the inside of the covers (cover page 2 and cover page 3).

source of information: Nov 1859-Oct 1860 issues & bound volume; AAS catalog; OCLC

available: AASHistPer, series 4

bibliography:

• notice. The Star and Enterprise [Newville, Pennsylvania] 17 March 1859; p. 2.

• “I Will Try.” Carlisle Weekly Herald [Carlile Pennsylvania] 7 Sept 1859; p. 2.

• “Little Boys and Girls.” The Star and Enterprise [Newville, Pennsylvania] 15 Sept 1859; p. 2.

• “I Will Try, for November. The Star and Enterprise [Newville, Pennsylvania] 10 Nov 1859; p. 2.

• “I Will Try.” Carlisle Weekly Herald [Carlisle, Pennsylvania] 14 Dec 1859; p. 2.

• “I Will Try.” The Star and Enterprise [Newville, Pennsylvania] 29 Dec 1859; p. 2.

• “I Will Try.” Carlisle Weekly Herald [Carlisle, Pennsylvania] 16 May 1860; p. 2.

• I Will Try, for June. The Star and Enterprise [Newville, Pennsylvania] 14 June 1860; p. 2.

cover/masthead: May 1859

edited by: Elijah Sparhawk Brigham

published: New York, New York: Dinsmore & Co.; publisher at 9 Spruce St.

• Boston, Massachusetts: Shepard, Clark & Brown; publisher at 110 Washington St.

frequency: monthly: 15th of the month

description: Vol 1 #1 is marked “May” on the cover; inside front cover announces contents of July issue. The Library of Congress has at its web site a scanned broadside advertising the magazine which describes the May issue as the “June number: Good for any month ”; its contents are those of the issue for May.

• May 1859: 104 pp.; page size untrimmed, 8″ h x 5.75″ w; prices: 25¢/ copy, $1/ 4 months; $3/ year

• OCLC lists issues for only May and July

• Copyright 1858, by L. F. Dinsmore

• Vol 1 #1 illustrated entirely by Thomas Nast

relevant quote: Introduction, for adults: “This work will be taken in hand as well by the gray head—who, hoping to recall youthful emotions, goes back for the thousand-and-oneth time to Blue Beard and Cinderella—as by the little toddler who, having just succeeded in mastering Mother Goose’s Melodies, sees only acres of solid reading in the picture-book fields before him. We prepare the book for children of whatever growth, and hope that all ages will find somewhat of mirth and profit in its pages. … One honest feature of our plan is, to make no particular professions about publishing original matter. We shall invite the assistance of the best writers in our line of satire, but shall depend mainly upon our own pen …. England being the mother country, we conceive we have the right, and therefore intend to seize from her whatever suits our purpose, without the least ceremony ….” [“To the Public Generally.” 1 (May 1859); pp. 1-2]

• A notice for the July issue notes “a labored description of the N. Y. City Militia.” [Hartford Courant 8 July 1859]

• The Buffalo Courier was kinder about the piece on the militia and took a chance to take a humorous poke at Bostonians: “We have received the July number of an illustrated magazine with [the title Little Pig Monthly], published by Shepard, Clark & Brown, of Boston. It contains fifty pages of illustrations to fifty-eight of letter-press. It contains sketches of the New York City Military, with several fine engravings; a splendidly illustrated article about ‘Mock Auctioneers;’ a child’s story, entitled ‘Tiny and her Vanity;’ ‘The Adventures of a Green Goose among the New York Foxes,’ done in rhyme; nine illustrations called ‘Hand Shadows,’ which will afford pleasant pastime for the little ones; and much other agreeable and humorous matter. The name of the Monthly is an odd one; but Bostonians, situated at the ‘hub of all creation,’ have a right to choose a characteristic name, and to wear it. We are informed that ‘The Little Pig Monthly’ is not designed exclusively for ‘little pigs,’ but that full-grown swine will be furnished nutriment suited to their maturity. It is edited by Little Pig, Esq., who claims to be a lineal descendant of ‘The Learned Pig,’ and that the mantle of his remote ancestor has fallen upon him.” [9 July 1859]

• The Wisconsin State Journal calls the Monthly “the queer title of a queer Magazine. … It is designed as an amusing and instructive publication for children and families, and is a[s] unique in its character as in its title.” [12 July 1859]

relevant information:

• The May issue was referred to as the “June” issue in a broadside (see above); the July issue was the subject of a notice in the Sept 1859 issue of Godey’s. The publishers seem to have done what they could to stretch two issues of a monthly magazine to cover at least four months.

• The Monthly was advertised as a “toy book” by one bookstore—with other toy books such as “Puss in Boots,” “The Ugly Duckling,” and Mother Goose rhymes. [advertisement for Freeman Bookstore] The advertisement ran regularly into March 1861.

source of information: May 1859 issue; LOC broadside; AAS catalog; OCLC

available: AASHistPer, series 4

bibliography:

• announcement of publication. New-York Tribune [New York, New York] 28 May 1859; p. 1.

• notice. The Burlington Free Press [Burlington, Vermont] 4 June 1859; p. 2.

• notice of June issue: “New Announcements since our Last Issue.” American Publishers’ Circular and Literary Gazette 5 (4 June 1859); p. 271.

• notice. Alexandria Gazette [Alexandria, Virginia] 7 June 1859; p. 2.

• “New Publications.” Burlington Weekly Free Press [Burlington, Vermont] 10 June 1859; p. 1.

• notice. New England Farmer [Boston, Massachusetts] 11 June 1859; p. 2.

• New Books, Magazines and Papers. Alexandria Gazette [Alexandria, Virginia] 13 June 1859; p. 3.

• advertisement for Freeman Bookstore. Green-Mountain Freeman [Montpelier, Vermont] 7 July 1859; p. 3.

• “Little Pig Monthly.” The Freemont Weekly Journal [Fremont, Ohio] 17 June 1859; p. 3.

• notice. Hartford Courant [Hartford, Connecticut] 8 July 1859; p. 2.

• “The Little Pig Monthly.” Buffalo Courier [Buffalo, New York] 9 July 1859; p. 3.

• “The Little Pig Monthly.” Wisconsin State Journal [Madison, Wisconsin] 12 July 1859; p. 1.

• “Magazines Received.” The Daily Exchange [Baltimore, Maryland] 12 July 1859; p. 2.

• notice. Godey’s Lady’s Book and Magazine. 59 (Sept 1859): 276. online

• advertisement. American Railway Times 11 (18 June 1859); p. 4.

• notice. Ballou’s Pictorial Drawing-Room Companion 17 (9 July 1859); p. 26.

cover/masthead: June 1859

edited by: A[mos] C[ooper] Dayton

published: Nashville, Tennessee: Graves, Marks & Co., for the Southern Baptist Sabbath School Union.

frequency: monthly

description: 4 pp.; page size, 13.75″ h; prices: 1 copy, 25¢/ year; 5 copies, 20¢ each/ year

• Riley (see below) says the last issue was in 1873; however the Friend is not listed in any newspaper directory after 1860. Taulman points out that the Friend “was not revived after the war.” [p. 120]

• Circulation: 1860, 10,000

• Religious focus: Baptist

relevant information:

• Issue #1 was sent to subscribers before 25 June 1859.

• The Friend was printed on an Adams printing press. [T. “First Impressions”]

relevant quotes:

• Probably published in answer to a recommendation published in 1858: “The Baptists of the James River and Roanoke Associations, have recommended to the denomination throughout the State to establish in Richmond, a Child’s Paper, which shall be adapted to the wants of Sunday Schools in Southern States. There is no such paper now published in the South, and as this denomination numbers some seven hundred thousand communicants in the Southern States, they are fully able to sustain one of the kind.” [“Another Paper”] See, also, “Sunday School Union in Virginia.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee].

• From the prospectus: “The Children’s Friend will be mailed to subscribers for the trifling sum of twenty-five cents per annum …. This will be too little to pay the expense of publication unless we have a very large circulation. The Home and Foreign Journal costs twenty-five cents, and, with a circulation of about 14,000, sinks money every year. We expect, however, within a year or two, so soon as we can secure a sufficient list to justify it, to put our price still lower, so as to compete with the Northern Sabbath School papers, the immense patronage of which permits them to be published at very low rates. May we not with confidence appeal to every Baptist in the Southern States to send us twenty-five cents for such a paper? We intend that it shall be not only a Sabbath School, but a fireside friend. It is designed for the instruction and delight of children, teachers and parents at the School, but no less in the family. It will be a HOME paper. … Its Scripture illustrations, its simple stories, its important facts, its earnest appeals in behalf of religion, will be attractive to the old as well as the young, and not less necessary in the family than in the school. One thousand schools and one thousand churches, each taking thirty copies, and paying for them in advance, would give us a circulation of sixty thousand, and enable us to furnish a paper in every equal to the Northern Pedobaptist publications of the same class, and at the lowest prices.” [“Prospectus”]

• The Friend was published in direct competition with The Young Reaper, published in the North. Dayton seems to have been constantly irritated by critics and by praise for the Reaper, and his outraged responses were often published in the Tennessee Baptist. An advertisement appearing in The Biblical Recorder [Raleigh, North Carolina] in April 1859 lists a number of Southern Baptist ministers extolling the Reaper. Dayton reprinted the list, castigating the ministers: “There are certain men and certain papers in the South that make great pretentions to being Southern in their feelings, and advocate the independency of the South in all things possible, in Bible and Book operations, etc., who have made a good deal of capital for themselves in this sort of talk. … Now, what do we see? These very men and these very papers doing their very utmost to prejudice the people against the [Southern Baptist Sabbath School] Union, and even the little Sabbath School paper! The American Baptist Publication Society at Philadelphia, we are sorry to say, is willing to make use of these men and papers, to break down the ‘Children’s Friend.’ ” [“Extremes Meet.” 28 May 1859] A few weeks later, having learned that several of the ministers didn’t know that the Friend had been started when they recommended the Reaper, Dayton retracted parts of his diatribe in an even longer blast against the American Baptist Publication Society. [“Extremes Meet.” 2 July 1859] An outraged paragraph followed the reprint of a letter from one of the ministers declaring that “I neither subscribed my name to that document myself, nor authorized any other individual to do it for me. In fact, I have no sympathy whatever with the movement, nor the enterprise itself. As a Southern Baptist, I feel it my duty and privilege to support Southern Baptist Institutions, and shall, therefore, not only do what I can to promote the circulation of the ‘Children’s friend,’ but the literature of the Southern Baptist Sabbath School Union generally.” [“Is It Forgery?”] A Southern paper stating that “[t]he local character of The Children’s Friend … interposes an insuperable barrier to its general adoption by our churches” inspired another long response. [“Is Nashville in the Southern States?”]

• Taulman describes issue #1: “The paper is four pages in length with three columns per page. Twenty-two articles, one poem, a book review column containing reviews of seven Sunday School Union books, and four pictures comprise the issue. The masthead carries pictures illustrating the following scripture verses: ‘I have not shunned to declare unto you the whole counsel of God (Acts 20:27)’; ‘One Lord, one faith, and one baptism (Eph. 4:5)’; and ‘And thou shalt teach them dil[i]gently to thy children (Deut. 6:7).’ ” [p. 120]

• One minister had praise for the Friend after some singularly harsh words to say about the American Baptist Publication Society: “Their literature, is a kind of compromise between unqualified and entire obedience to the will of Christ, and rebellion under the direction of Satan; and hence, so far, they have a more ready access to the affections, and depraved wishes of men, and of children, while unconverted. … We must have a pure Bible, and a pure Bible literature. Its want is felt everywhere. … A brother who is now in heaven, has not lived to see his children Catholics. Had they received a pure biblical literature, and in their childhood, been under the influence of such a paper as ‘The Children’s Friend,’ there is reason to believe the result would have been otherwise.” [W. W. Keep. “Speech”]

• The Friend seems to have had difficulty establishing itself as the Southern Baptist paper for children; in 1860 “Gaius” wrote that a Sabbath School paper started in Virginia “will be just the thing to stir up the Baptists of Virginia and the South to Sabbath School work.” The response was firm: “Dear Gaius, do not do so unwise a thing as to start an opposition Sabbath School paper in the South. The Children’s Friend, the organ of the Southern Baptist Sabbath School Union, is a brilliant paper. … Why will not Virginia unite with the South and South-west, in this one thing? Is it not expedient? Will it not manifest the right spirit, Brother Gaius?” [“A Sabbath School Journal.” 24 March 1860]

• Dayton was clear about the Friend’s anti-abolition slant: “It is certainly true that we should have a Southern paper edited and published in the Southern States, managed and controled by Southern men. The time had long since come for this. This was the very reason why the Friend was begun, and why it is, and will be sustained by the board at a price so low as to compete with Northern papers. We are determined that Southern Baptists shall have no excuse for patronizing the Young Reaper, or any other Northern paper for the children in the South. … There are those in the South to whom God has given the wealth and the hearts to do this thing. As the editor is himself a slaveholder he thinks he can feel to some extent the peculiar condition and obligations fo his fellow Christians in the South, who like Philemon and the faithful centurion occupy the relation of master to slaves. … The Children’s Friend is a Baptist paper, not in name only but in fact. … The editor feels that it is an important and indispensable duty to illustrate and enforce these things in a way that even little children can understand how sinful it is to change or trifle with the ordinances of Christ. Those Southerners who prefer a paper for their children in which there is nothing concerning the Scriptural relation of master and slave, and those Baptists who dislike all mention of any thing baptistic will be better pleased with some Northern Pedobaptist or Union publication. We do not write to please such, but our Master who healed the centurion’s slave, and taught Paul to send back the runaway to Philemon his master, and who commanded believers and believers only to be immersed.” [“The Children’s Friend.” Tennessee Baptist 17 March 1860]

• One reader had some grotesque praise for the Friend: “The principle taught in the article, ‘Is she dead?’ given in the latter numbers of the Friend, stamped on the mind of parents in good faith, would seem to be of more real benefit to their progeny than adding one more negro to three of any one child’s patrimony. Suppose three to one.” [“News from the Field”]

• A certain amount of stress must have come with dealing with confused subscribers. Graves, Marks & Co. found that subscribers were puzzled about where to send the money: “Our brethren will please remember that we are only the depository agents for the Southern Sabbath School Union, and are not authorized by the Board to send out either the books or the paper, without the money. They will, therefore, we trust, not be displeased with us, if orders for either, not accompanied with cash, are not attended to.” [“Sabbath School Books and Children’s Friend”] Wouldbe subscribers were unclear on how multiple subscriptions worked: “Some of our friends have misunderstood the advertisement of our little monthly. They have supposed that we will mail 20 copies to 20 different people, provided one man pays for them, and for the same price that we would mail 20 copies to one address. When a Friend is sent to one address we charge 25 cents per annum.” [Tennessee Baptist 10 March 1860] Subscribers were confused by a typographical error in an advertisement: “In the first advertisement, which appeared in this paper, of the Childrens’ [sic] Friend, an error occurred in the second item. … If our friends had but thought a moment they would have discovered the error ….” [“Special Announcement”] And they couldn’t seem to figure out how to subscribe: “A good brother, all the way from North Carolina, came into our writing room yesterday, and said, Bro. Dayton, a great many more would take the Children’s Friend, if they knew just how to send for it. Why should they be in doubt about that?” [“How to Send for It”] (Unfortunately, the advice—to put a quarter in an envelope to pay for the Friend—led to at least one subscriber’s money being “stolen out.” The subscriber received the paper anyway. [“One Rogue Fooled”])

• One piece tried guilt to attract subscribers: “It may be that there are some who are called Baptists, but who care so little for those things which make a Baptist to differ from those who set aside the commandments of God for the traditions of men, that they are unwilling for their children to know what those things are, or why we hold them. And they will not like our little ‘Friend.’ ” [“Our Books and Paper”]

source of information: OCLC; notices, etc., below

available:

• The Baptist Correspondent reprinted “Is It Right?” [4 April 1860]

• June 1859 issue at The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary; this is the only copy of any issue known to exist. [My thanks to Christopher Cockrell.]

bibliography:

• “Sunday School Union in Virginia.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 20 March 1858; p. 2.

• “Another Paper.” Richmond Enquirer [Richmond, Virginia] 20 April 1858; p. 2.

• A. C. Dayton. “Our Plan to Make Baptist Sabbath School Books Cheap.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 19 March 1859; p. 2.

• “Prospectus.” The Biblical Recorder [Raleigh, North Carolina] 24 March 1859; p. 3.

• “Extremes Meet.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 28 May 1859; p. 2.

• “Editorial Telegrams.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 28 May 1859; p. 2.

• “Editorial Telegrams.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 4 June 1859; p. 2.

• “The Children’s Friend.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 25 June 1859; p. 2.

• “Extremes Meet.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 2 July 1859; p. 2.

• “Is It Forgery?—Who Can Explain?” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 23 July 1859; p. 2.

• P. “Bro. L. B. Fish.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 6 Aug 1859; p. 2.

• E. Dodson. “Southern Theological Seminary.” The Biblical Recorder [Raleigh, North Carolina] 18 Aug 1859; p. 2.

• “Sabbath School Paper.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 20 Aug 1859; p. 2.

• “News from the Field, and Kind Words from Friends”: letter from A. L. Fellows. Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 10 Sept 1859; p. 2.

• “The ‘Children’s Friend.’ ” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 22 Oct 1859; p. 2.

• “Sabbath School books and Children’s Friend.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 25 Nov 1859; p. 2.

• “The ‘Children’s Friend.’ ” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 17 Dec 1859; p. 2.

• W. W. Keep. “Speech Before the Sabbath School Union … On the Report of Committee on ‘Children’s Friend.’ ” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 28 Jan 1860; p. 1.

• “Is Nashville in the Southern States?” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 18 Feb 1860; p. 2.

• advertisement. Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 25 Feb 1860; p. 4.

• “The Young Reaper.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 3 March 1860; p. 3.

• “The ‘Children’s Friend.’ ” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 10 March 1860; p. 2.

• “The Children’s Friend.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 17 March 1860; p. 2.

• “Virginia Sabbath Schools.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 17 March 1860; p. 2.

• “A Sabbath School Journal.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 24 March 1860; p. 2.

• “Special Announcement: Children’s Friend.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 7 April 1860; p. 3.

• “Back Numbers Wanted.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 12 May 1860; p. 2.

• “How to Send for It.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 9 June 1860; p. 3.

• “Our Books and Paper.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 30 June 1860; p. 2.

• “One Rogue Fooled.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 14 July 1860; p. 3.

• letter from Durant, Mississippi. Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 21 July 1860; p. 2.

• “Will It Fail?” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 1 Sept 1860; p. 2.

• T. “First Impressions of the South-Western Publishing House.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 15 Sept 1860; p. 3.

• advertisement. Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 22 Sept 1860; p. 3.

• “Strange Things.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 29 Sept 1860; p. 2.

• “The Reaper.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 15 Dec 1860; p. 3.

• The American Baptist Almanac for … 1861. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American Baptist Publication Society, nd; p. 33. [google books]

• Daniel J. Kenny, comp. The American Newspaper Directory. New York: Watson & Co., 1861; p. 68. [google books]

• James E. Taulman. “Amos Cooper Dayton: A Critical Biography.” Master’s thesis. Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 1965; pp. 119-120.

• Sam G. Riley, comp. Index to Southern Periodicals. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1986; p. 49.

edited by: J. A. J. Bizzell

published: Newton, Alabama: J. A. J. Bizzell

frequency: semiweekly

description: Price, 50¢/ year

relevant quote: Described by the Eufaula Express: “[The Young American] is the title of a child’s paper, started at Newton, Dale co., by J. A. J. Bizzell. It is semi-weekly and bids fair to be a very spicy little sheet. We wish it success. Price 50 cents per annum.”

source of information: notice, below

bibliography:

• “The Young American.” Eufaula Express [Eufaula, Alabama] 10 Nov 1859; p.. 2.

cover/masthead: 1861, 1863-1866 (plain edition) | 1864-1866 (color edition) | 1867-1871 (plain edition) | 1870 (color edition) | 1872

edited by: 1861, I. P. Warren

published: Boston, Massachusetts: N. Broughton, for the American Tract Society, 1861; publisher at 28 Cornhill; printed by George C. Rand & Avery, 3 Cornhill. Boston, Massachusetts: American Tract Society, 1870; publisher at 164 Tremont St.

• New York, New York: I. W. Brinckerhoff, for the American Tract Society, 1861; publisher at 13 Bible House, Astor Place.

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: 1860-1861: 4 pp.; page size untrimmed, 14.5″ h x 10.5″ w. Prices: 1 copy, 15¢/ year; 10 copies, $1/ year; 50 copies, $4.50/ year; 100 copies, $8/ year

• 1870: “plain edition”: price: 1 copy, 30¢/ year; 8 copies, $1/ year; 40 copies, $5/ year; 100 copies, $12/ year. “colored edition”: 4 pp.; page size, 14.5″ h x 10.5″ w; price: 1 copy, 50¢/ year; 10 copies, $4/ year; 25 copies, $7.50/ year

• Circulation: 1860, 105,000. Copies published 1862-May 1863: 1,595,000. 1872: plain edition, 110,000; color edition, 14,000

• Beginning in July 1864, the Child was available in either a “plain” or a “colored” (also, “chromatic”) edition: “We commence this month the publication of an edition of the Child at Home with COLORED ENGRAVINGS. The Heading and Large Cut of the first page are printed in from six to eight brilliant colors, making a paper having no equal in America for beauty and attractiveness. … Notwithstanding the great expensiveness of those colored engravings, and of their printing, we propose to put the price exceedingly low. … Any person now receiving the plain edition, may change it for the colored for the remainder of the year, by sending us twenty cents additional for each copy. The plain edition will be continued as heretofore.” [“Colored Engravings!” Child at Home 5 (July 1864); p. 28] The masthead and front-page illustration were printed in red, blue, yellow, brown, and black.

relevant information:

• On the list of periodicals subscribed to by the Massachusetts State Reform School in 1867. [Twenty-First Annual Report]

relevant quotes:

• The Child resulted from a split in the American Tract Society on the subject of slavery. The New York branch of the Society refused to print anti-slavery pieces; the Boston Society wished to more strongly address the subject. In 1857 the New York Society codified its stance on addressing slavery in a hair-splitting committee report by declaring that “in the judgment of your Committee, the political aspects of slavery lie entirely without the proper sphere of this Society, and cannot be discussed in its publications; but that those moral duties which grow out of the existence of slavery, as well as those moral evils and vices which it is known to promote, and which are condemned in Scripture, and so much deplored by evangelical Christians undoubtedly do fall within the province of this Society, and can and ought to be discussed in a fraternal and Christian spirit.” [Richmond Dispatch 15 May 1857] The Boston Society, however, wished to confront slavery more directly and began its own paper for adults in order to do this. Until 1860, copies of the The Child’s Paper, the Society’s periodical for children, were distributed by the Boston Society, which purchased copies from the New York Society at a discount and sold them for the cover price. In 1859, the Boston Society was informed that in 1860 they would no longer receive the discount, but would pay the cover price for their copies; with mailing costs added, distributing the Paper would lose them money. When the New York Society also demanded the subscription lists, it became clear that “the Committee at New York desired to take their whole circulation into their own hands. In every way, then, it seemed improper to continue a service not desired by them, and occasioning direct loss to us,—a loss which would become greater just in proportion to the increase of the business. The only alternative left us, … was to establish the ‘Child at Home,’ a measure which, if we may judge from the favor with which it has been received, was judicious and timely.” [“The T[r]act Society Papers.” 24 Jan 1860]

• Thus, the Child at Home joined the list of periodicals deemed “abolition papers” in the South: “These papers contains [sic] articles calculated and no doubt intended to render slaves discontented with their condition. We have returned them marked ‘Incendiary.’ ” [“Abolistion [sic] Papers”] “Incendiary” literature could not legally be distributed in Southern states.

• Northern periodicals, though, approved. “[N]ow the Boston society has papers of its own, in which all matters of Christian doctrine and life may be freely discussed,” announced the Ashtabula Weekly Telegraph [11 Feb 1860] The Berkshire County Eagle proclaimed the Boston Society “[t]he Tract Society which does not curtail its truth to suit markets.” [22 March 1860]

• In 1868 and 1869, the Child collected donations from its readers to send copies of the paper to other children, by encouraging them to send money to the “ ‘Child-at-Home’ Savings-Bank.” Also, readers could contribute to the “ ‘Child-at-Home’ autograph album”: “Now we’ve got into our new home, we want to have a ‘house-warming;’ and instead of inviting our young readers to come and see us, which they can’t all do, we do the next best thing. We ask you, every brother and sister in the family, to write your name with your own hand on the same sheet of paper, which we will put into our ‘Child-at-Home’ autograph-album, and keep in the Tract House to show to our friends. We ask you to put five or ten cents apiece, or more, in the letter with your names, for the ‘Child-at-Home’ Savings-Bank, which we have been telling you about. We will send a Savings-Bank certificate to any one who sends us fifty cents or more, and will put your name in the ‘album’ besides; and, if you send less than fifty cents, we will put your name in the album, and put the money in the Savings-Bank.” [J. W. C. “Some New Things in Our New Home.” 9 (Dec 1868); pp. 47-48]

source of information: 1861-1872 scattered issues & bound volumes; notices, etc., below ; AAS catalog

available: AASHistPer, series 4 & 5

bibliography:

• “American Tract Society.” Richmond Dispatch [Richmond, Virginia] 15 May 1857; p. 4.

• “Tract Societies.” Green-Mountain Freeman [Montpelier, Vermont] 24 Nov 1859; p. 2.

• “Tract Society, &c.” Orleans Independent Standard [Irasburg, Vermont] 25 Nov 1859; p. 2.

• advertisement. New York Evangelist 30 (15 Dec 1859); p. 5.

• “The Tract Journal and Child at Home.” The Independent 12 (5 Jan 1860); p. 4.

• “The Tract Society Papers.” Vermont Chronicle [Bellows Falls, Vermont] 10 Jan 1860; p. 2.

• “Boston Tract Society Papers.” Vermont Chronicle [Bellows Falls, Vermont] 10 Jan 1860; p. 3.

• “Abolistion [sic] Papers.” Semi-Weekly Standard [Raleigh, North Carolina] 11 Jan 1860; p. 3.

• “The Tract Journal and the Child at Home.” Vermont Chronicle [Bellows Falls, Vermont] 17 Jan 1860; p. 2.

• “The T[r]act Society Papers.” Vermont Chronicle [Bellows Falls, Vermont] 24 Jan 1860; p. 14.

• The Boston American Tract society. Ashtabula Weekly Telegraph [Ashtabula, Ohio] 11 Feb 1860; p. 2.

• “Pen and Press.” The Berkshire County Eagle [Pittsfield, Massachusetts] 22 March 1860; p. 2.

• “American Tract Society: Plain Questions and Answers.” New York Times [New York, New York] 4 April 1860; pp. 10-11.

• “Editorial Commentaries: The Tract Journal and Child at Home.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 21 April 1860; p. 2.

• “The American Tract Society, Boston.” New England Farmer [Boston, Massachusetts] 12 May 1860; p. 3. Also, Vermont Christian Messenger [Montpelier, Vermont] 9 June 1860; p. 2.

• Bucer. “ ‘The Tract Journal’ and ‘Child at Home,’ vs. ‘American Messenger’ and ‘the Child’s Paper;’ or Boston vs. New York.” German Reformed Messenger 25 (27 June 1860); p. 2.

• Zwingli. “The Schism in the American Tract Society.” German Reformed Messenger 25 (11 July 1860); p. 1.

• Daniel J. Kenny, comp. The American Newspaper Directory. New York: Watson & Co., 1861; p. 31. [google books]

• “American Tract Society, Boston.” New York Evangelist 33 (21 May 1863); p. 6.

• Twenty-First Annual Report of the Trustees of the State Reform School. Boston, Massachusetts: Wright & Potter, 1868; p. 18. [google books]

• “The American Tract Society, Boston.” New York Observer and Chronicle 46 (9 April 1868); p. 115.

• advertisement. The Missionary Magazine 50 (Dec 1870); p. 8.

• Geo. P. Rowell & Co.’s American Newspaper Directory. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1871; p. 64. [hathitrust.org]

• notice. Christian Union 4 (13 Dec 1871); p. 382.

• Geo. P. Rowell & Co.’s American Newspaper Directory. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1872; p. 74. [archive.org]

• notice. Christian World 23 (June 1872; p. 199.

• Ethridge. “From Our Boston Correspondent: The American Tract Society.” Argus and Patriot [Montpelier, Vermont] 20 June 1872; p. 4.

published: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; printed by J. Van Court

frequency: semimonthly; 1 vol/ year

description: Religious focus: Society of Friends (Quaker)

• “Most of the pieces included in this pamphlet are semi-monthly productions of the Moorestown reading circle.”

• Vol 1: 10 Twelfth month 1859-17 Third month 1860, with 8 issues; vol 2: 8 Twelfth month 1860-23 Third month 1861, with 8 issues

source of information: AAS catalog; NUC

edited by: Willie J. Palmer

published: Raleigh, North Carolina: North Carolina Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind, 1860-1 April 1865; published by the deaf pupils

frequency: March 1860, “as often as practicable”; Oct 1861-Oct 1864, semimonthly during school term; Nov 1864-1869, monthly

description: 4 pp.; page size, 15.75″ h x 11″ w • Prices: 1860, “for gratuitous distribution”. 1861-1869, 1 copy, 50¢/ year; 10 copies, $4/ year

• 1 June 1866 issue is vol 4

relevant information:

• The Casket is listed as one of the North Carolina newspapers in May 1861. [“The Newspapers of the State”]

• The Casket was sent to the Wisconsin Institute for the Deaf and Dumb through 1870. [“The Deaf and Dumb”]

relevant quotes:

• “The Casket is published … by the Deaf mute pupils of the Institution. The publication of such a paper, was not commenced with the expectation that [it] would prove a source of profit, but Printing being one of the mechanical branches selected by the Board of Directors to be taught the pupils, it was deemed necessary to issue some publication of the kind …. With the current receipts from Job work, it is expected that the Printing department will defray its own expenses, and at the same time give the unfortunate mutes a good trade, which will enable them, when they have finished their education, to earn an honest living, and become good and useful citizens.” [2 (1 April 1862): editorial page; in Kennerly, p. 424]

• Contrary to evidence, the editor emeritus of a Kentucky newspaper in 1958 claims that the Institution was closed at the beginning of the Civil War and its presses were used by the Confederate government: “Before us lies a copy of ‘The Deaf-Mute Casket’, printed at the school at Raleigh, and dated June 1, 1866 (Volume 4). The school was closed at the outbreak of the war and the Confederate Government took over the plant, using the presses in printing Confederate currency. In the closing years of the war it was said that the presses ran all day to pay the army, and all night to pay the printers. The value of the currency had so depreciated, he was indeed a patriotic Southerner who would accept it in payment of a debt.” [McClure]

apparently continues: The Deaf Mute—a periodical for adults as well as children—was published Oct 1849 through at least 1850; while the authors of a WPA publication on Raleigh connect the earlier magazine with the later one, no copies of the earlier periodical appear to exist.

• 1849: The Deaf Mute was monthly; 1850: it was weekly (Saturday).

source of information: Kennerly; notices & articles, listed below

available:

• A description of a day in the Institution was published in early 1860 and was reprinted in The Wilmington Daily Herald [Wilmington, North Carolina] in March 1860 (19 March 1860; p. 2).

• A piece on brooms and broom corn was reprinted in the Southern Cultivator in 1862. [“Brooms and Broom Corn.” Southern Cultivator 20 (May/June 1862); p. 101.] Part of the piece was incorporated into a discussion of the importance of growing broom corn printed in other papers that year. (See “Brooms and Broom Corn” The Semi-Weekly State Journal [Raleigh, North Carolina] 5 April 1862; p. 2.)

• “ ‘Knowledge is Power.’ ” was reprinted in the Southern Planter and Farmer in 1869. [3 (July 1869); p. 395-396.]

bibliography:

• “Prospectus of The Deaf Mute.” The North-Carolina Star [Raleigh, North Carolina] 23 Oct 1850; p. 4.

• notice of The Deaf Mute. The North-Carolina Star [Raleigh, North Carolina] 12 June 1850; p. 3.

• “The Deaf Mute Casket.” The Wilmington Daily Herald [Wilmington, North Carolina] 19 March 1860; p. 2.

• “The Deaf Mute Casket.” Semi-Weekly Standard [Raleigh, North Carolina] 24 March 1860; p. 3.

• The Deaf Mute Casket. Semi-Weekly Standard [Raleigh, North Carolina] 9 April 1862; p. 2.

• “The Deaf Mute Casket.” The Daily Standard [Raleigh, North Carolina] 28 Feb 1866; p. 3.

• “The Newspapers of the State, Past and Present.” The Daily Journal [Wilmington, North Carolina] 3 June 1866; p. 2.

• Raleigh has been called “a city of types.” The Field and Fireside [Raleigh, North Carolina] 15 Sept 1866; p. 4.

• notice that the Institution was again receiving the New Orleans Picayune. The Times-Picayune [New Orleans, Louisiana] 7 Nov 1866; p. 4.

• “Deaf Mute Casket.” The Indicator [Warrenton, North Carolina] 19 June 1867; p. 2.

• “North Carolina in a Nut-Shell.” The Wilmington Morning Star [Wilmington, North Carolina] 16 Jan 1868; p. 2.

• notice. The Tarborough Southerner [Tarboro, North Carolina] 21 May 1868; p. 3.

• “Papers in Raleigh.” The Daily Journal [Wilmington, North Carolina] 6 March 1869; p. 3.

• The last number of the Deaf Mute Casket. The Daily Standard [Raleigh, North Carolina] 13 Aug 1869; p. 3.

• notice that The Wilmington Morning Star is again receiving the Casket. The Wilmington Morning Star [Wilmington, North Carolina] 14 Aug 1869; p. 1.

• “The Deaf and Dumb, State Care and Education, 19th Report of Wisconsin Institute.” Wisconsin State Journal [Madison, Wisconsin] 10 Dec 1870; p. 2.

• Raleigh, Capital of North Carolina, by the Writers’s Program of the Work Projects Administration. New Bern, North Carolina: Owen G. Dunn Co., 1942; p. 87.

• Sarah Law Kennerly. “Confederate Juvenile Imprints: Children’s Books and Periodicals Published in the Confederate States of America, 1861-1865.” PhD diss. University of Michigan, 1956.

• G. M. McClure, sr. “KSD’s Kentucky Standard Begins Eighty-Fifth Year.” The Kentucky Advocate [Danville, Kentucky] 26 Jan 1958; p. 8.

• James Marten. The Children’s Civil War. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1998; p. 51.

edited by: “Uncle John”

published: San Francisco, California: Hutchings & Rosenfield (also, Hutchins & Rosenfield); publisher at 146 Montgomery St.

frequency: monthly

• March 1860 is vol 1 #3

description: Page size, 10.25″ h; price, $1.25/ year

source of information: Kenny; California Farmer ; Scenes of Wonder

available: “Little Min-Yung and his Cat” was reprinted in the California Farmer and Journal of Useful Sciences [13 (3 Aug 1860); p. 174].

bibliography:

• “The Little Pioneer.” The Sonoma County Journal [Petaluma, California] 2 March 1860; p. 2.

• advertisement. Hutchings’s California Magazine May 1860; p. 2.

• “Something for the Children.” California Farmer and Journal of Useful Sciences 13 (3 Aug 1860); p. 174.

• Daniel J. Kenny, comp. The American Newspaper Directory. New York: Watson & Co., 1861; p. 10. [google books]

• Scenes of Wonder & Curiosity from Hutchings’s California Magazine, 1856-1861, ed. R. R. Olmsted. Berkeley, California: Howell-North, 1962; p. 201. [archive.org]

published: New York, New York: General Protestant Episcopal Sunday School Union & Church Book Society.

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

source of information: OCLC

cover/masthead: 1864

edited by: 1862, F. D. Harriman • 1862-1866, A. B. Hart

published: New York, New York: General Protestant Episcopal Sunday School Union and Church Book Society, 1860-1861; publisher at 762 Broadway

• New York, New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1869-1870; 1869, publisher at 762 Broadway; 1870, publisher at 713 Broadway

frequency: 1860, semimonthly; second & fourth Saturday. 1861, 1866, 1869-1870, semimonthly & monthly editions

description: 4 pp.; page size, 14.5″ h x 10.5″ w.

• Prices: 1860, 6 copies, $1/ year; “No subscriptions received for less than six copies to one address.” 1861, semimonthly, 50¢; monthly, 25¢. 1865, semimonthly, 25¢/ year. 1866, semimonthly, 35¢ each; monthly, 70¢ each. 1869-1870, semimonthly, 50¢; monthly, 25¢

relevant information: Rowell’s lists the Guest through 1872; this may be a misprint, or may be referring to The Young Christian Soldier • The Young Christian Soldier and Children’s Guest.

relevant quotes:

• Why the Guest was founded: “It is by no means the purpose or plan of our little sheet to supersede the The Children’s Magazine, but, as it were, to glide in beneath the protection of our elder sister, so long a beloved and honored “guest’ in the households where she is so well known. Time has been, when one publication, and that at long intervals, sufficed for the wants of the children of the church; but of late years, when the centre-table of every parlor has its burden of weeklies and monthlies for the amusement and instruction fo older people, the children seek variety, and are ever eager for their special portion of pictures, and stories, and verses. To meet this, other denominations have established, long since, monthly papers, neatly printed and prettily embellished, which have had a great charm for children, as their own personal property: ‘my paper.’ We have had the pretty Carrier Dove, it is true, but its sole object being to interest its readers in Missions, it has not wholly met the want of the day. We have been obliged to go out of the church for thousands of copies, every month; our money and our talent have been drafted into their service, and there has been a general call, from East to West, for a popular, juvenile, church paper, devoted to no party in the church, since if ‘offences needs must come’ hereafter, let the children be innocent of all, as becomes their childhood.” [“Our Aims.” 1 (Jan 1860); p. 3]

• About the merger with The Young Christian Soldier: “In December 1870, The Children[’s] Guest—a paper published for many years by the Church Book Society—was purchased by the [Domestic] Committee and merged in The Young Christian Soldier, then and now issued under the title of The Christian Soldier and Children[’s] guest.” [Proceedings]

absorbed by: The Young Christian Soldier • The Young Christian Soldier and Children’s Guest • The Young Christian Soldier (Dec 1867-Dec 1911)

source of information: advertisements, etc., below; AASHistPer, series 4 & 5; OCLC; Kenny; Rowell

available: AASHistPer, series 4 & 5

bibliography:

• advertisement. American Publishers’ Circular and Literary Gazette 6 (24 March 1860); p. 145.

• Franklin B. Hough. “Newspapers and Other Periodicals,” in Census of the State of New York, for 1865. Albany, New York: Charles Van Benthuysen & Sons, 1867; pp. 590-591.

• advertisement. The Round Table 4 (1 Sept 1866); p. 80.

• advertisement. The Round Table 4 (27 Oct 1866); p. 202.

• Daniel J. Kenny, comp. The American Newspaper Directory. New York: Watson & Co., 1861; pp. 46, 49. [google books]

• Geo. P. Rowell & Co’s American Newspaper Directory. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1869; p. 75. [archive.org]

• The Men Who Advertise. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1870; p. 704. [google books]

• Proceedings of the Board of Missions of the Protestant Episcopal Church. New York, New York: American Church Press Company, 1871; appendix A, p. 3.

• Geo. P. Rowell & Co.’s American Newspaper Directory. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1872; p. 124. [archive.org]

cover/masthead: 1864-Dec 1867 | Jan 1868-Aug 1870, 1873

edited by: Matthias Sheeleigh, 1864-1872

published: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Lutheran Board of Publication; publisher at 42 North 9th St.

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: 4 pp.; page size, 14″ h x 9.5″ w.

• Prices, 1864-1867: 1 copy, 25¢/ year; 6 copies, $1.25/ year; 10 copies, $2/ year; 25 copies, $3.75/ year; 100 copies, $12/ year.

• Prices, 1860: 1 copy 20¢/ year. 1868-Nov 1869: 1 copy, 25¢/ year; 6 copies, $1.40/ year; 10 copies, $2.25/ year; 25 copies, $4/ year; 100 copies, $15/ year.

• Prices, Nov 1869-Aug 1870: 1 copy, 25¢/ year; 6 copies, $1.25/ year; 10 copies, $2/ year; 25 copies, $4/ year; 50 copies, $7.50/ year; 100 copies, $14/ year; 500 copies, $60/ year.

• Circulation: Dec 1865: 30,000 [“Our Dear Herald.” 6 (Dec 1865); p. 46] 1872, 32,000

• Religious focus: Lutheran

relevant information: While intended for children, the paper included a few pieces intended for Sunday-school teachers.

relevant quotes:

• The American Civil War increased costs for Herald as it did for all American periodicals: “The cost of paper is much increased; therefore many more subscribers are now needed.” [“The Herald.” 5 (Feb 1864); p. 6]

• In 1868, the Herald raised its prices closer to those of other Sunday-school papers: “[W]e shall be obliged to ask our dear friends for a little addition to the price. Many of our subscribers have themselves suggested this, and we find it necessary. The Herald has been furnished too low—lower than most others of its class—below the paying figure. Surely none will object to a slight increase in the terms.” [“The Herald for 1868.” 8 (Nov 1867); p. 42.]

• 1869 saw some lower prices: “This material reduction we have been encouraged by the increased patronage of the past year to make. We trust the coming year will so much more increase the circulation, that one year hence another reduction may be safely attempted.” [“Reduced Terms for 1870!!” 10 (Nov 1869); p. 42.]

• The type size changed in 1870: “Instead of present type, which the printers call Long Primer, we shall use a smaller size, known as Bourgeois. This will afford additional reading matter in each number, about equaling one-fourth, or another page. It will be substantially as though the paper contained five pages of the present type.” [“Smaller Type for 1870!!” 10 (Nov 1869); p. 42.]

• A lighthearted description of the editor: “Rev. M. Sheeleigh … has a high, two-story head, a swarthy complexion, a venerable patriarchal beard, a sound, well cultured intellect and a warm loving heart. If any quality in his is lacking, it is electricity. If he were charged with the surplus lightning Dr. Conrad could spare so well, he would perhaps make a deeper impression upon the age in which he lives.” [Rev. M. Sheeleigh]

continued by: Lutheran Boys and Girls: “With January 1911, our King’s Message and the Lutheran Sunday School Herald, will be merged into [Lutheran Boys and Girls]”. [Proceedings p. 147]

source of information: 1864-1870 bound issues; Proceedings ; Rowell

bibliography:

• A new Lutheran paper. The Star and Enterprise [Newville, Pennsylvania] 5 Jan 1860; p. 2.

• Geo. P. Rowell & Co.’s American Newspaper Directory. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1872; p. 162. [archive.org]

• Rev. M. Sheeleigh. The Forum [Bucyrus, Ohio] 15 Nov 1873; p. 5.

• Proceedings of the Third Annual Convention of the Synod of New York of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. Philadelphia: Lutheran Publication Society, 1910; p. 147.

cover/masthead: 1860, 1864-1870

edited by: Z. Pope Vose • 1869-1870, with Clara A. Sylvester

published: Rockland, Maine: Z. Pope Vose.

• Rockland, Maine: Rich & Vose, 1872.

frequency: monthly

description: 1859: price, 25¢/ year. 1863-1864: price, 40¢/ year. 1865, price, 35¢/ year. 1866-1867, 8 pp.; price, 50¢/ year • Newspaper format

• Circulation: Sept 1862, 3500; Aug 1863, 7000; 1865, 7000; 1869-1870, 10,700; 1872, 8000-9000

• Vol 1 #12 is Jan 1861

• Temperance focus

• On the list of periodicals subscribed to by the Massachusetts State Reform School in 1867. [Twenty-First Annual Report]

relevant quotes:

• The Visitor’s history was complicated by the Civil War: “It was continued through the first volume and was received with much favor by many leading friends of the cause, but its support was nevertheless inadequate. A second volume was commenced, but finding it impossible to obtain a sufficient support while the country was in the midst of the excitement attending the first months of the war against southern rebellion, the paper was discontinued after the issue of three months, and its subscription list transferred to another publication. The publication of the Visitor was renewed by Mr. Vose in September, 1862 ….” [Sprague and Twombly; p. 194]

• In an attempt to interest subscribers, in 1863 Vose offered to send a copy of the Visitor free for a year “to one active friend of temperance at each post-office in the United States.” [Portsmouth Journal of Literature and Politics]

• In 1867, Vose circulated to the Sons of Temperance and the Good Templars an advertisement for the Visitor which promised “AN ELEGANT AND COSTLY BANNER! worth from $200 to $800” to the order garnering the greatest number of subscribers before April 1867—provided that at least 15,000 subscriptions were received: “For 15,000 subscribers, the Banner shall not cost less than $200; for 25,000, not less than $400; for 40,000, not less than $800.”

• Apparently realizing the popularity of subscriber-written puzzles, rebuses, and conundrums, in 1869, Vose wrote to successful puzzle-writers for at least one other periodical, offering a subscription to the Visitor as payment: “Applying recently to my friend the Assistant Editor of ‘Oliver Optic’s Magazine’, for the addresses of some of the best rebus-contributors to that mag., she recommended you to me, with two or three others. I send you this note to solicit that you will favor the Visitor with occasional contributions of rebuses, &, if disposed, of other kinds of ‘head-work’. On receiving a favorable response I shall be pleased to send you the Visitor free in return for your favors.” [letter from Z. Pope Vose to “Herbert.” 16 Dec 1869] “Head-work” was the title of the puzzles column for Oliver Optic’s Magazine (5 Jan 1867-Dec 1875).

• The announcement of the Visitor’s demise appeared in several newspapers: “The Schoolday Visitor Magazine, published by J. W. Daughaday & Co., Philadelphia, comes to our table for May, we think with a richer feast for its readers than ever, and we notice in its publishers’ announcements, that they have just purchased and consolidated into it, two other juvenile periodicals, the Youth’s Temperance Visitor and the Young People’s Helper. We wish the editors and publishers of this charming magazine all the success they can have, for they well merit it, and we advise our young friends to take it.” [“Three in One”] The Schoolday Visitor offered its new subscribers a discount for back issues: “We will send to all our ‘Helper’ and ‘Temperance Visitor’ friends the four back numbers of our Magazine from January to April for Twenty-five cents. Send for them and have the full and complete volume for 1872 at the end of the year.” [“Twenty Five Cents.” Schoolday Visitor Magazine 16 (Aug 1872); p. 224]

absorbed by: Clark’s School Visitor • Our Schoolday Visitor • The Schoolday Visitor Magazine • The Schoolday Magazine (1 April 1857-15 April 1875)

source of information: advertising broadside for the Visitor, Jan 1867; OCLC; advertisements, etc., below

available: AASHistPer, series 4 & 5

• A piece from the paper was reprinted in Band of Hope Record, a British temperance magazine.

bibliography:

• advertisement. Maine Farmer 27 (15 Dec 1859); p. 2.

• “An American Name to Be Honoured.” Band of Hope Record [London, England] 1 (July 1861); pp. 113-115. [google books]

• mention. Quarterly Journal of the Grand Division, Sons of Temperance, of the State of Maine July 1862; p. 11. [google books]

• notice. The Maine Teacher and School Officer 6 (Oct 1863); p. 127.

• notice. Portsmouth Journal of Literature and Politics [Portsmouth, New Hampshire] 17 Oct 1863; p. 2.

• “Youth’s Temperance Visitor.” Christian Ambassador 13 (24 Oct 1863); p. 171.

• notice. Maine Farmer 31 (29 Oct 1863); p. 2.

• advertisement. Clark’s School Visitor. 8 (March 1864)

• advertisement. Zion’s Herald and Wesleyan Journal 35 (25 May 1864); p. 84.

• New England Business Directory for 1865, The. Boston, Massachusetts: Sampson & Murdock, 1865; p. 754. [google books]

• Journal of Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Session of the Right Worthy Grand Lodge of North America. Chicago: Jameson & Morse, 1865; pp. 32-34. [google books]

• advertisement. The St. Johnsbury Caledonian [St. Johnsbury, Vermont] 19 May 1865; p. 2.

• “The Youth’s Temperance Visitor.” Vermont Watchman and State Journal [Montpelier, Vermont] 2 June 1865; p. 1.

• Proceedings of the First New England Temperance Convention. Boston, Massachusetts: J. M. Usher, 1866; p. 44. [google books]

• advertisement. Zion’s Herald and Wesleyan Journal 37 (7 Feb 1866); p. 23.

• notice. The Farmer’s Cabinet 64 (22 Feb 1866); p. 2.

• notice. The New-London Chronicle [New London, Connecticut] 17 March 1866; p. 2.

• notice. The Ladies’ Repository Nov 1867; p. 398. [google books]

• “Temperance Paper.” Corvallis Gazette-Times [Corvallis, Oregon] 20 July 1867; p. 2.

• “Temperance Literature.” Corvallis Gazette-Times [Corvallis, Oregon] 5 Oct 1867; p. 2.

• Twenty-First Annual Report of the Trustees of the State Reform School. Boston, Massachusetts: Wright & Potter, 1868; p. 18. [google books]

• “Youth’s Temperance Visitor.” The Universalist 1 (19 Sept 1868); p. 3.

• notice. The Children’s Friend (West Chester, Pennsylvania) 3 (Eleventh month 1868); p. 356. online

• Geo. P. Rowell & Co’s American Newspaper Directory. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1869; p. 42. [archive.org]

• The Men Who Advertise. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1870; p. 660. [google books]

• “Good Pay for Doing Good!” Lamoille Newsdealer [Hyde Park, Vermont] 16 Nov 1870; p. 3.

• advertisement. Young People’s Helper. 10 (Jan 1872): inside front cover (cover page 2).

• Geo. P. Rowell & Co.’s American Newspaper Directory. New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1872. [archive.org]

• Edwin Sprague and W. H. Twombly. “The Press of Knox County.” In History of the Press of Maine, ed. Joseph Griffin. Brunswick: 1872; p. 194. [archive.org]

• “Three in One.” The Athens Gleaner [Athens, Pennsylvania] 2 May 1872; p. 2. Also, Sterling Standard [Sterling, Illinois] 2 May 1872; p. 1.

• Twentieth Annual Report of the Proceedings of the Maine Press Association for 1883. Bar Harbor, Maine: Mount Desert Publishing Co., 1883; pp. 19.

• Joseph Wood, comp. Proceedings of the Maine Editors and Publishers’ Association, for the Year 1866. Bar Harbor, Maine: Mount Desert Publishing Company, 1884; pp. 12-13.

• Betty Longenecker Lyon. “A History of Children’s Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899.” PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; p. 148.

edited by: May-Aug 1860, George C. Connor (“Uncle George”)

• Sept 1860-April 1861, “Uncle John”

• also, “Aunt Alice”; “Uncle Robin”

published: Nashville, Tennessee: Graves, Marks & Co., May 1860-April 1861.

frequency: monthly; 1 vol/ year

description: 48 pp.; price, $1/ year

relevant information:

• Apparently referred to as “Youth’s Monthly Magazine” in 1860 and by Gilmer.

• Contents of May 1860 were printed in the Tennessee Baptist [5 May 1860]

• Contents of June 1860 were printed in the Tennessee Baptist [26 May 1860]

relevant quotes:

• From the prospectus: “[I]n addition to its interesting reading matter, each number will contain a beautiful electro plate engraving, as well as numerous wood engravings. … There will be a department devoted to the ‘little ones,’ so that they too may be taught early the ways of virtue. The Magazine will thus meet all the wants of the family circle.—Father and mother, brothers and sisters, young and old, will find it interesting.” In fact, there was a moneyback guarantee: “Try it for one year, and if at the end you are the least dissatisfied, and you demand it, we will refund your subscription. We say this because we are positive it will please the most fastidious.” [advertisement. Tennessee Baptist 17 March 1860]

• Consistently advertised in regional terms, as “for the Youth of the South,” because the South presumably couldn’t produce literature: “You say the Youth’s Magazine will be published for the yough of the sunny South,” Robert Fuller wrote. “I suppose you do not intend it to come North. Why would you not as soon send it North as South?” The reply was blunt: “Well yes, Bro. Fuller, the Magazine is readable North as well as South, but as so much has been said about the inability of Southerners to produce a literature worthy the name, we concluded to disabuse the minds of those croakers.” [C. “Youth’s Magazine”]

• The prospectus apparently led readers to assume this was a Baptist magazine, as Robert Fuller pointed out, but the Magazine was literary: “Our Bro. will bear in mind, that the Magazine is not a Baptist periodical, but a literary one. The Editor is a Baptist with all his heart, but he thinks a literary Magazine is called for at this present juncture.” [C. “Youth’s Magazine”] The contents of the first issue include “Historical Sketches” on Morocco and Lake Lucerne; a piece on Mammoth Cave; some poetry; small pieces including “Washington Irving and the Birds,” “Swearing,” “Yankee Courage,” and “Free Negroes in the South”; puzzles; letters presumably from subscribers; and notices of religious books. A later notice firmly reminded a correspondent that “[t]he Youth’s Magazine is not a theological work. Such articles as you mention are not adapted to it, but to the Tennessee Baptist.” [“Editorial Telegrams”]

continues: The Children’s Book of Choice and Entertaining Reading for the Little Folks at Home (also, The Children’s Monthly Book) ; Jan 1855-April 1860

source of information: OCLC; notices, etc., below

bibliography:

• advertisement. Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 17 March 1860; p. 3. Also, 7 April 1860; p. 3 & 22 Sept 1860; p. 3.

• C. “Youth’s Magazine.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 5 May 1860; p. 3.

• Now is the time to subscribe. Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 12 May 1860; p. 3.

• “Youth’s Magazine.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 26 May 1860; p. 3.

• “Youth’s Magazine.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 2 June 1860; p. 3.

• Description of visit to Nashville. DeBow’s Review and Industrial Resources, Statistics, etc. Aug 1860: 248-251; mention on page 250.

• “Editorial Telegrams: Bro. Hunt.” Tennessee Baptist [Nashville, Tennessee] 22 Sept 1860; p. 2.

• “Letterbox”: J. B. Appleton, Alabama. The Baptist [Memphis, Tennessee] 3 Oct 1868; p. 5.

• Gertrude C. Gilmer. Checklist of Southern Periodicals to 1861. Boston, Massachusetts: F. W. Faxon Company, 1934; p. 65.

• Betty Longenecker Lyon. “A History of Children’s Secular Magazines Published in the United States from 1789-1899.” PhD diss. Johns Hopkins, 1942; p. 149.

• Children’s Periodicals of the United States, ed. R. Gordon Kelly. Westport, Connecticut & London, England: Greenwood Press, 1984.

• Mary D. Manning. “ ‘Trust Not Appearances’: Admonitory Pieces from Two Tennessee Juvenile Periodicals of the 1850s.” University of Mississippi Studies in English. 5 (1984-1987); p. 131-139.

published: Charleston, South Carolina

description: Temperance focus

relevant information: Perhaps not published

relevant quote: “Claude” includes it in a description of periodicals published in Charleston in 1860: “A subscription list is now in the hands of a committee for a Juvenile Temperance paper, to be called ‘The Fountain,’ for which the young Cadets of Temperance are actively engaged in procuring subscribers.”

source of information: “The Charleston Press”

bibliography:

• Claude. “The Charleston Press.” The Yorkville Enquirer [Yorkville, South Carolina] 14 June 1860; p. 2.